A Constructive Solution to Interconnection and Decomposition Problems with Multidimensional Behaviors
The authors of this paper formulate the following control problem: Given a system \(\Sigma_1\) (the plant), does there exist a system \(\Sigma_2\) (a controller) such that the regular interconnection \(\Sigma_1\wedge\Sigma_2\) equals a certain prescribed system \(\Sigma\) (a desired controlled system)? They give a constructive solution to this problem. If \(K\) is a field and \(n\) a positive integer, \({\mathcal D}= K[s_1,\dots, s_n]\) denotes the polynomial ring over \(K\) in \(n\) indeterminates \(s_1,\dots, s_n\). A linear \(n\)-dimensional system \(\Sigma\) with signal number \(q\) means a submodule \(N\) of \({\mathcal D}^2\). Such a module admits a representation \[ N= \text{im}(P^t)= P^t{\mathcal D}^g\quad\text{for some }P\in{\mathcal D}^{g\times q}, \] where \(g\) is a suitable integer and \(P^t\) is the transpose of \(P\). The matrix \(P\) is called a representation of \(\Sigma\). Let \(P_1\in{\mathcal D}^{g_1\times q}\) and \(P\in{\mathcal D}^{g\times q}\) be representations of \(\Sigma_1\) and \(\Sigma\), respectively, and define \(N_1:= \text{im}(P^t_1)\), \(N:= \text{im}(P^t)\). It is useful to mention that the matrix representation of any homomorphism \(z:{\mathcal D}^g\to N_1= \text{im}(P^t_1)\) has the form \(P^t_1 Y\), where \(Y\in{\mathcal D}^{g_1\times g}\). The regular interconnection initially formulated problem is solvable if and only if the linear matrix equation \[ (P^t_1 Y- P^t)A= 0\tag{1} \] possesses a polynomial solution \(Y\), where \(A\) satisfies a diagram of the form \[ \begin{matrix} &&{\mathcal D}^k &\rightarrow &{\mathcal D}^g &\rightarrow & N/N_1 &\rightarrow &0\\ &&&& @VP^tVV \|\\ 0 &\rightarrow & N_1 & \hookrightarrow & N &\rightarrow &N/N_1 &\rightarrow &0.\end{matrix} \] The polynomial matrix equation (1) allows us to decide whether the problem is solvable by using the basic tools from the theory of Gröbner bases: computing minimal annihilators, division with remainder, the testing module membership. The authors also study a dual problem concerning the existence of a direct sum decomposition of multidimensional behaviors. If the direct sum decomposition which characterizes the behaviors is \[ N_1+ N_2= N\quad\text{and}\quad N_1\cap N_2= \{0\}, \] where \(N_1\), \(N_2\), \(N\) are submodules of \({\mathcal D}^q\), then the dual problem corresponding to the direct sum is \[ N_1\cap N_2= N\quad\text{and}\quad N_1+ N_2={\mathcal D}^q. \] The regular interconnection problem and the direct sum decomposition problem are dual. A unified framework is provided for treating both in terms of relative complements in the lattice of behaviors.
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