A constructive method for finding periodic solutions of differential systems

Theoretical approximation of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34A45) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Theoretical approximation of solutions to integral equations (45L05)

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The problem of finding an \(\omega \)-periodic solution to the \(\omega \)-periodic system \[ \dot{x}=A(t)x+f(t,x) \tag{1} \] is considered. It is assumed that \(B(\omega):=\int_{0}^{\omega }A(\tau) d\tau =0\). The change of variables \(x=[\exp B(t)]y\) transforms (1) to \[ \dot{y}=Q(t)y+\phi (t,x). \tag{2} \] Let \(\Phi(\omega):=\int_{0}^{\omega }Q(\tau) d\tau \) be nondegenerate. In the linear case \((f=f(t))\), substituting \(\lambda Q(t)\) instead of \(Q(t)\), an \(\omega \)-periodic solution is constructed in the form \(y(t,\lambda)=\sum_{k=-1}^{\infty }\lambda ^ky_k(t)\) where \(y_k(t)\) are \(\omega \)-periodic functions. It is proved that \(\lambda =1\) is a point of convergence if \(\gamma \alpha ^2\omega ^2<\mu \). Here, \(\alpha =\max_ t\|Q(t)\|\), \(\gamma =\|\Phi ^{-1}(\omega)\|\) and \(\mu\approx 3.416\) is a root of equation \(z\int_{0}^{1}t\exp(zt(t-1)) dt=1\). In general case, coefficient conditions are found which guarantee the convergence of the following iterative algorithm: \(y_0(t)\equiv 0;\) \[ y_{k+1}(t)=y_{k+1}(0)+\int_{0}^{t}[Q(s)y_k(s)+\phi (s,y_{k-1}(s))] ds; \] \[ \int_{0}^{\omega }[Q(s)y_k(s)+\phi (s,y_{k-1}(s))] ds=0,\;k=1,2,\ldots . \]

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