A dynamical pairing between two rational maps

Abstract: Given two rational maps

v a r p h i

and

p s i

on

P P^{1}

of degree at least two, we study a symmetric, nonnegative-real-valued pairing

< v a r p h i, p s i >

which is closely related to the canonical height functions

h_{v} a r p h i

and

h_{p} s i

associated to these maps. Our main results show a strong connection between the value of

< v a r p h i, p s i >

and the canonical heights of points which are small with respect to at least one of the two maps

v a r p h i

and

p s i

. Several necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the vanishing of

< v a r p h i, p s i >

. We give an explicit upper bound on the difference between the canonical height

h_{p} s i

and the standard height

h_{s} t

in terms of

< s i g m a, p s i >

, where

s i g m a (x) = x^{2}

denotes the squaring map. The pairing

< s i g m a, p s i >

is computed or approximated for several families of rational maps

p s i

.

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