A four-dimensional mapping class group relation
The author uses pseudoholomorphic curve techniques, in particular a solution to the symplectic isotopy problem for anticanonical divisors on certain del Pezzo surfaces, to establish a relation in the symplectic mapping class group of a certain Weinstein 4-manifold. Let \((W,\omega)\) be a symplectic manifold, possibly with boundary, and let \(\mathrm{Symp}_c(W,\omega)\) denote the group of symplectomorphisms of \(W\) with compact support lying in the interior equipped with the \(C^{\infty}\)-topology. The symplectic mapping class of \((W,\omega)\) is \(\pi_0(\mathrm{Symp}_c(W,\omega))\).\N\NRelations between Dehn twists in (symplectic) mapping class groups are often obtained from the monodromy of Lefschetz fibrations. The article under review gives the first example of such a relation in a Weinstein 4-manifold that involves products of different numbers of Dehn twists. The author shows that there is a Weinstein 4-manifold \((W,\omega)\) containing Lagrangian spheres \(L_{1,1},\dots,L_{1,4}\) and \(L_{2,1},\dots,L_{2,6}\) for which the products \(L_{1,1}\circ\cdots\circ L_{1,4}\) and \(L_{2,1}\circ\cdots\circ L_{2,6}\) are symplectically isotopic. The Weinstein 4-manifold in question is constructed, in two different ways, using Lefschetz pencils.\N\NIt is known that there are two complex 3-folds \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) which contain a degree \(6\) del Pezzo surface as an ample divisor. The author considers a Lefschetz pencil \(f_i\colon X_i\to\mathbb{CP}^1\), for \(i = 1,2\), defined by a linear system containing this divisor. Letting \(\nu(f_i^{-\infty})\subset X_i\) denote a regular neighborhood of the fiber over \(\infty\), one obtains a Lefschetz fibration on \N\[\Np_i\colon X_i\to\nu(f_i^{-1}(\infty))\to D^2.\N\] \NLet \(W_i\) denote a regular fiber of \(p_i\). The monodromies of these Lefschetz fibrations factor as a product of Dehn twists [\textit{D. Auroux}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 7(6), 971--995 (1997; Zbl 0912.53020)]. This, combined with an instance of the symplectic isotopy problem proved by the author, establishes the claimed relation between products of Dehn twists.
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