A function whose graph has positive doubling measure

Abstract: We show that a doubling measure on the plane can give positive measure to the graph of a continuous function. This answers a question by Wang, Wen and Wen. Moreover we show that the doubling constant of the measure can be chosen to be arbitrarily close to the doubling constant of the Lebesgue measure.

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A Borel regular measure \(\mu\) on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) is called doubling if for any adjacent (intersecting) squares \(Q_1\) and \(Q_2\) with the same side length, there exists a constant \(C < \infty\) such that \(0 < \mu(Q_1) \leq C\mu(Q_2)< \infty\). The authors show that for any \(\epsilon > 0\), there exist a doubling measure \(\mu\) on \([0, 1]^2\) with doubling constant less than \(1+\epsilon\) and a continuous function \(f : [0, 1] \to [0, 1]\) such that \(\mu(\mathrm{graph}(f)) > (1 - \epsilon)\mu([0, 1]^2)\). They construct such a measure using a 4-adic distribution of mass, changing the ``weight used in the distribution in the iteration process. Two figures illustrate their construction. Thus, the paper shows that a doubling measure on the plane can give positive measure to the graph of a continuous function. They argue that the graph \(E\) of any Lipschitz function is thin, i.e., \(\mu(E) = 0\) for every doubling measure \(\mu\) of \(\mathbb{R}^2\), thus answering a question by \textit{W. Wang} et al. [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Math. 38, No. 2, 535--546 (2013; Zbl 1294.28002)]. Using a result in [\textit{F. Peng} and \textit{S. Wen}, Nonlinearity 27, No. 6, 1287--1298 (2014; Zbl 1294.28001)], the authors also show that the doubling constant of the measure can be chosen arbitrarily close to the doubling constant of the Lebesgue measure.

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