A general functional equation and its stability

General theory of functional equations and inequalities (39B05) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52) Stability, separation, extension, and related topics for functional equations (39B82)

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Let \(V\) be a vector space over \(F\in\{\mathbb Q,\mathbb R,\mathbb C\}\), \(B\) a real or complex Banach space, \(m\in\mathbb N\), \(\alpha_0,\beta_0,\ldots,\alpha_m,\beta_m\in F\), \(\delta\geq 0\) and \(f_0,\ldots,f_m:V\to B\) satisfy \[ \left\| \sum_{k=0}^{m}f_k(\alpha_kx+\beta_ky)\right\| \leq \delta,\;\;\;x,y\in V. \] It is proved that then there exist generalized polynomial functions \(p_k:V\to B\) and vectors \(c_k\in B\) (\(k=0,\ldots,m\)) such that \[ \| (f_k(x)-c_k)-p_k(x)\| \leq 2^{m+1}\delta,\;\;\;x\in V \] and \[ \sum_{k=0}^{m}p_k(\alpha_kx+\beta_ky)=0,\;\;\;x,y\in V. \] In order to prove this stability result, it is shown first that for each \(k=0,\ldots,m\), the mapping \(f_k\) satisfies \[ \left\| \Delta_{h_m}\ldots\Delta_{h_1}f_k(x)\right\| \leq 2^m\delta,\;\;\;x\in V,h_1,\ldots,h_m\in V \] (with \(\Delta_h\) denoting the difference operator \(\Delta_h f(x):=f(x+h)-f(x)\)), i.e., it is an approximate generalized polynomial mapping. Then, the stability result for polynomial functions by \textit{M. Albert} and \textit{J.A. Baker} [Ann. Polon. Math. 43, 93--103 (1983; Zbl 0436.39005)] is applied. A distributional analogue of the considered equation is also dealt with as well as a mean value type theorem.

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