A lower bound for the product of linear forms

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Let \(x_1,\dots,x_n\) be unit vectors in \(n\)-dimensional unitary space, \(k\leq n\). Denote by \(\lambda\) the smallest eigenvalue of the Gram matrix based on \(x_1,\dots,x_n\). Then, as \(u\) ranges over all unit vectors \[ \max\prod_{i=1}^k\bigl|(x_i,u)\bigr|\geq(\lambda/k)^{k/2}. \] Moreover, if equality holds with \(\lambda=1\), then the vectors \(x_1,\dots,x_n\) must be orthonormal. This inequality improves a previous result of \textit{M. Marcus} and \textit{H. Minc} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 104, No. 3, 510-515 (1962; Zbl 0107.01402)].











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