A new characterization of Baire class 1 functions

DOI10.14321/REALANALEXCH.34.1.0029MaRDI QIDQ1029973zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Luca Motto Ros

Publication date 14 July 2009

Published in Real Analysis Exchange (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0804.4443

zbMATH Keywords

Baire class 1 functionDelta functionLipschitz functionpointwise convergenceultrametric space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Descriptive set theory (03E15) Descriptive set theory (topological aspects of Borel, analytic, projective, etc. sets) (54H05)

Abstract: We give a new characterization of the Baire class 1 functions (defined on an ultrametric space) by proving that they are exactly the pointwise limits of sequences of full functions (which are particularly simple Lipschitz functions). Moreover we highlight the link between the two classical stratifications of the Borel functions by showing that the Baire class functions of some level are exactly those obtained as uniform limits of sequences of Delta functions (of a corresponding level).

Review text

The author gives a new characterization of Baire class \(1\) functions on ultrametric spaces by proving that they are the pointwise limits of sequences of certain simple Lipschitz functions. To this end, the author also recalls several classical characterizations of Baire class \(1\) functions. Let \((X,d)\) be an ultrametric space and let \(Y\) be a separable metrizable space. A set \(A \subseteq X\) is called \textit{full} if there is an \(r >0\) such that for every \(x \in A\) we have \(\{ y \in X : d(x,y) < r \} \subseteq A\). A function \(f : X \to Y\) is called \textit{full} if it has finite range and for every \(y \in Y\), \(f^{-1}(y) \subseteq X\) is a full set. The main result of the paper is the following. Theorem. Let \((X,d)\) be an ultrametric space and let \(Y\) be a separable metrizable space. Then \(f : X \rightarrow Y\) is of Baire class \(1\) if and only if \(f\) is the pointwise limit of a sequence of full functions. The proof of this result can be carried out under ZF and countable choice over the reals; in particular, it is consistent with the Axiom of Determinacy.

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