A spectral shape optimization problem with a nonlocal competing term

Eigenvalue problems for linear operators (47A75) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Variational methods for eigenvalues of operators (49R05)

Abstract: We study the minimization of a spectral functional made as the sum of the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian and the relative strength of a Riesz-type interaction functional. We show that when the Riesz repulsion strength is below a critical value, existence of minimizers occurs. Then we prove, by means of an expansion analysis, that the ball is a rigid minimizer when the Riesz repulsion is small enough. Eventually we show that for certain regimes of the Riesz repulsion, regular minimizers do not exist.

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Let \(\Omega\) be an open bounded set in \(\mathbb R^n\) such that \(|\Omega|_{\mathrm{Leb}}\) is its Lebesgue measure, \(H_0^1(\Omega)\) is the standard Sobolev space of order one on \(\Omega\), the torsion energy is defined by \(\displaystyle E(\Omega)=\min_{u\in H_0^1(\Omega)}\left(\int_\Omega|\nabla u(x)|^2dx-\int_\Omega|u(x)|^2dx\right)\), the Riesz potential energy is defined by \(\displaystyle V_\alpha(\Omega)=\int_{\Omega\times\Omega}\frac{dxdy}{|x-y|^{n-\alpha}}\) such that \(\alpha\in (0,n)\). The purpose of the authors is to study the minimization of the functional \(S(\Omega)+\varepsilon V_\alpha(\Omega)\) were \(\varepsilon>0\) and \(S(\Omega)\) is either \(E(\Omega)\) or \(\lambda_1(\Omega)\), the first Dirichlet-Laplacian eigenvalue. \\ To be precise, they state that there exists \(\varepsilon_{\lambda_1}(n,\alpha)>0\) such that for all \(\varepsilon\le \varepsilon(n,\alpha)\), the ball of unitary measure is the unique minimizer for \[\min\left\{\lambda_1(\Omega)+\varepsilon V_\alpha(\Omega):\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n,|\Omega|_{\mathrm{Leb}}=1\right\}.\] The weaker version states that there exists \(R_0(n)\) such that for all \(R>R_0(n)\) there exits \(\varepsilon_E(n,\alpha,R)\) such that for all \(\varepsilon\le\varepsilon_E(n,\alpha,R)\), the ball is the unique minimizer for \[\min\left\{E(\Omega)+\varepsilon V_\alpha(\Omega):\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n,|\Omega|_{\mathrm{Leb}}=1,\ \Omega\subset B_R\right\},\] where \(B_R\) represents the ball of radius \(R\).

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