A structure result on modules over polynomial rings
In this paper, \(R\) denotes a nonzero associative ring with identity, and \(R\text{-Mod}\) represents the category of left \(R\)-modules. The notation \(R[x]\) refers to the polynomial ring in one indeterminate \(x\) over \(R\), where \(x\) commutes with all coefficients from \(R\).\N\NThe primary objective of this paper is to investigate certain categorical properties of modules over polynomial rings. In particular, the author establishes a structural result concerning such modules. Based on this result, several interesting correspondences are derived between \(R[x]\)-modules and \(R\)-modules. First, the author proved that the category \(R[x]\)-Mod is categorically equivalent to the following category \(\Xi\): The objects are couples \((Y,f)\) with \(Y\) a left \(R\)-module and \(f\in\mathrm{Hom}_R(Y, Y)\), and a morphism from \((Y, f)\) to \((M, g)\) is a morphism \(\gamma\in\mathrm{Hom}_R(Y, M)\) such that \(\gamma f=g\gamma\). Then the author proved that the category \(R[x]/(x^n)\)-Mod is categorically equivalent to the subcategory \(\Omega\) of \(\Xi\): the objects are couples \((Y,f)\) with \(Y\) a left \(R\)-module and \(f\in\mathrm{Hom}_R(Y, Y)\) such that \(f^n =0\).\N\NAs applications, the author describe explicitly some important classes of modules over \(R[x]\) and \(R[x]/(x^n)\) such as finitely generated modules, projective modules and injective modules. For example, it is shown that \((Y, f)\) is a finitely generated left \(R[x]/(x^n)\)-module if and only if coker(f\(^{n-1}\)) is a finitely generated left \(R\)-module.
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