Absolute and delay-dependent stability of equations with a distributed delay

Abstract: We study delay-independent stability in nonlinear models with a distributed delay which have a positive equilibrium. Such models frequently occur in population dynamics and other applications. In particular, we construct a relevant difference equation such that its stability implies stability of the equation with a distributed delay and a finite memory. This result is, generally speaking, incorrect for systems with infinite memory. If the relevant difference equation is unstable, we describe the general delay-independent attracting set and also demonstrate that the equation with a distributed delay is stable for small enough delays.

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The paper is devoted to the study of the following equation with a distributed delay NEWLINE\[NEWLINEx'(t) = r(t)\left( \int_{h(t)}^t f(x(s)) d_s R(t,s) - x(t)\right), \;t \geq 0, \tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\int_{h(t)}^t d_s R(t,s) = 1,\) the functions \(h\) and \(r\) are Lebesgue measurable and \(h(t) \leq t\), \(\lim_{t \to \infty} h(t) = \infty\), \(r(t) \geq 0\), \(\int_{0}^{\infty} r(s)\,ds = \infty.\) The continuous function \(f\) satisfies \(f(x) > x\) for \(0 < x < K\) and \(0 < f(x) < x\) for \(x > K,\) \(K = \text{const} > 0\).NEWLINENEWLINEEquation (1) has a unique positive equilibrium \(x(t) \equiv K\). The authors prove that, if all positive solutions of the difference equation \(x_{n+1} = f(x_n)\) tend to \(K\), then any positive solution of (1) converges to \(K\) (independently of the value of the delay).NEWLINENEWLINEAlso, delay-dependent conditions for the global attractivity of \(K\) are obtained.

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