Achiral words
Let \(w=w(x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n})\) be a word, that is, an element of the free group \(F_{n}=\langle x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n} \rangle\). If \(G\) is a group let \(G_{w}=\{ w(g_{1}, \ldots, g_{n}) \mid g_{1}, \ldots, g_{n} \in G \}\) be the image of the word map \(w\) on \(G\). A word \(w \in F_{n}\) is said to be chiral if there exists a group \(G\) such that \(G_{w} \not =G_{w^{-1}}\), otherwise, \(w\) is achiral.\N\NIn the paper under review, the authors prove that all words in \(F_{2}\) of length at most \(7\) are achiral and they show that \(w=x_{1}^{3}x_{2}^{3}x_{1}x_{2}^{-1}\), of length 8, is a chiral word of shortest length in \(F_{2}\). They also provide a criterion to decide whether a word in \(F_{2}\) is chiral or achiral, which they use to prove that the Engel word \(e_{k}=[x_{1},_{(k)} \! x_{2}]\) is chiral for \(k \in \{4,5,6\}\).
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