Actions of Loop Groups on Harmonic Maps

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It is well known that the study of the symmetries of a differential equation can lead to further solutions. In this paper the authors apply the general framework described in two papers by \textit{V. E. Zakharov} and \textit{A. B. Shabat} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 13, 166-174 (1980); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 13, No. 3, 13-22 (1979; Zbl 0448.35090)] and \textit{V. E. Zakharov} and \textit{A. V. Mikhailov} [Sov. Phys. JETP 47, 1017- 1027 (1978)] to the harmonic map equation (the principal chiral or sigma model of mathematical physics). The basic point is that the loop group \(\Omega G\), \(G\) a compact Lie group, can be made to act on the space of harmonic maps from a surface into \(G\). The first part of this paper is devoted to set up a general theory for ``dressing pseudo-actions on harmonic maps. In the case of harmonic maps on the two-sphere a theorem of conservation of the energy for the action is given. Several concrete examples are given and used to answer negatively a suggestion of \textit{K. Uhlenbeck} [J. Differ. Geom. 30, No. 1, 1-50 (1989; Zbl 0677.58020)] concerning unitons (integers associated to harmonic maps). In the second part, the previous constructions are explicitly described for the particular case of harmonic maps from \(S^ 2\) to the complex projective space. For this case, the authors prove that, by applying a modification of the completion procedure, any harmonic map may be reduced to a constant map. The same problem for extended solutions is left as a conjecture.




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