Algebraic de Rham theorem and Baker-Akhiezer function
algebraic de Rham theoremBaker-Akhiezer functiondifferentials of second kinddivisorDubrovin equationLax representationline bundlePicard and Jacobian varietiesRiemann surfaceRiemann-Roch theoremvector field on Jacobian variety
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This short paper provides explicit descriptions of vector space key in the spectral curve approach to integrable systems in terms of function theory.\N\NAs motivation it makes use of a result of Grothendieck which connects the de Rham cohomology \(H^1_{dR}(X, \mathbb{C})\) of a smooth algebraic variety \(X\) to the space of 1-forms of the second kind, that is the closed meromorphic 1-forms which have zero residues outside some sufficiently-large divisor \(D\), denoted \(\Omega^{(2nd)}\). The explicit isomorphism is\N\[\NH^1_{dR}(X, \mathbb{C}) \cong {\Omega^{(2nd)}}/{d\mathcal{M}},\N\]\Nwhere \(\mathcal{M}\) denote the vector space of meromorphic functions on \(X\). This is briefly re-derived at the beginning of \S3.\N\NThis result is considered for genus-\(g\) Riemann surfaces, where \(\Omega^{(2nd)}\) is given the natural skew-symmetric bilinear derived from the reciprocity law. Theorem 1 in \S3 uses elementary properties of divisors and Riemann-Roch to prove that this bilinear is non-degenerate on the quotient, and for each \(D\) a degree-\(g\) non-special effective divisor constructs an implicit symplectic basis of the quotient. In doing so the isomorphism\N\[\N{\Omega^{(2nd)}}/{d\mathcal{M}} \cong \Omega^{(2nd)} \cap H^0(X, K_X+2D)\N\]\Nis shown. \S4 then uses Theorem 1 to express the tangent space to the Picard variety, identified with \(H^{0,1}(X, \mathbb{C})\), as \(\Omega^{(2nd)}(2D)\).\N\N\S5 combines Theorem 1 with the Abel-Jacobi map to describe the tangent space to the point which is the Abel image of \(D\) in terms of the symplectic basis defined by \(D\). This allows for a clean description of integral curves in the Jacobian.
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