An explicit characterization of Calogero–Moser systems
AMM and DG lociCalogero-Moses systemselliptic solutionshierarchyKdV equationmeromorphic fundamental systemnonlinear evolution equationsperiodic solutions
Elliptic functions and integrals (33E05) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Entire and meromorphic solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M05) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with algebraic geometry, complex analysis, and special functions (37K20)
The authors study rational, meromorphic simply periodic and elliptic solutions of the KdV (Korteweg-de Vries) hierarchy on nonlinear evolution equations and the associated Calogero-Moser-type models. They obtain an explicit characterization of a properly extended AMM (Airault-McKean-Moser) locus for stationary rational, periodic and elliptic solutions of the KdV hierarchy. In the main result of the paper there are given necessary and sufficient conditions that an elliptic function \(q\) is Picard potential, that is, the differential equation \(y + qy = Ey\) has a meromorphic fundamental system of solutions for each value of the complex spectral parameter \(E\in{\mathbb C}\). This is proved using the application of a theorem of Halphen on differential equations to rational solutions of the KdV hierarchy [cf \textit{F. Gesztesy, K. Unterkofler} and \textit{R. Weikart}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 251, 504--526 (2000; Zbl 0966.34078)] and extensions to simply periodic and elliptic KdV potentials using corresponding theorems of Floquet and Picard. The paper also contains additional relevant results on the AMM and DG loci, but also applications to the time-dependent KdV hierarchy. We note that the paper contains appendices with reviews of basic results on KdV hierarchy, elliptic functions and symmetric products.
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