An inductive analytic criterion for flatness

DOI10.1090/S0002-9939-2012-11211-0MaRDI QIDQ2846725zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Janusz Adamus, Edward Bierstone, Pierre Milman

Publication date 3 September 2013

Published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.1938

analytic algebra flatness generic flatness local flattener openness of flatness Weierstrass Preparation Theorem

Injective and flat modules and ideals in commutative rings (13C11) Local structure of morphisms in algebraic geometry: étale, flat, etc. (14B25) Analytic algebras and generalizations, preparation theorems (32B05) Local analytic geometry (32B99)

Abstract: We present a constructive criterion for flatness of a morphism of analytic spaces X -> Y or, more generally, for flatness over Y of a coherent sheaf of modules on X. The criterion is a combination of a simple linear-algebra condition "in codimension zero" and a condition "in codimension one" which can be used together with the Weierstrass preparation theorem to inductively reduce the fibre dimension of the morphism.

Review text

The authors present a criterion for flatness of modules over \(K\)-analytic algebras, where \(K\) denotes either the field of real or complex numbers, of an inductive nature. The main result may be expressed as follows.NEWLINENEWLINELet \(R=K\{{\mathbf y}\}=K\{y_1, \dots,y_m\}\), \(S=K\{{\mathbf x}\}=K\{x_1, \dots, x_n\}\), \(A=K\{\mathbf y, \mathbf x\}= R\{\mathbf x\}\) (where \(y_1, \ldots, x_n\) are analytically independent variables), \({\mathcal M} =(x_1, \ldots, x_n)R\), \(J\) an ideal of \(R\), \(F\) a finite \(A\)-module. Via the inclusion \(R \subset A\), \(F\) is also an \(R\)-module. Then:NEWLINENEWLINE(a) There are an element \(g \in A\), a natural number \(q\), and a homomorphism of \(A\)-modules \(\psi: A^q \to F\) such that \(g(\mathbf 0,\mathbf x) \not= 0 \) (in \(S\)), \(gF \subseteq \mathrm{Im} (\psi)\) and \(\mathrm{Ker} (\psi) \subseteq {\mathcal M}A^q\);NEWLINENEWLINE(b) The \(R/J\)-module \(F {\otimes}'(R/J)\) is flat if and only if for all \(g, q\) and \(\psi\) as in (a) it is true that (i) \(\mathrm{Ker} (\psi) \subseteq JA^q\) and (ii) \(F/\mathrm{Im} (\psi) {\otimes}'(R/J)\) is a flat \(R/J\)-module. Here, \({\otimes}'\) denotes the analytic tensor product over \(R\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn (b), if \({g(\mathbf 0, \mathbf 0)} \not=0\) then \(F/\mathrm{Im} (\psi)=0\) and (ii) is trivial. If \({g(\mathbf 0, \mathbf 0)} = 0\) then by the Weierstrass Preparation Theorem (after a linear change of coordinates, if necessary) \(A/gA\) is a finite \(R\{x_1, \dots, x_{n-1} \}\)-module, and we may use induction on the number of variables \(x_j\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe proof involves, among other techniques, delicate work with matrices with coefficients in suitable rings.NEWLINENEWLINEMore geometric statements may be reduced to the mentioned algebraic result.NEWLINENEWLINEAs an application, the authors give new, more constructive proofs of several fundamental results of analytic geometry. Namely, the existence of a universal local flattener for an \({\mathcal O} _X\)-coherent module given a germ of analytic morphism \(\phi:X \to Y\), the ``openness of flatness Theorem and Frisch's ``generic flatness theorem.

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