Analysis of adaptive BDF2 scheme for diffusion equations

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Abstract: The variable two-step backward differentiation formula (BDF2) is revisited via a new theoretical framework using the positive semi-definiteness of BDF2 convolution kernels and a class of orthogonal convolution kernels. We prove that, if the adjacent time-step ratios rk:=auk/auk1le(3+sqrt17)/2approx3.561, the adaptive BDF2 time-stepping scheme for linear reaction-diffusion equations is unconditionally stable and (maybe, first-order) convergent in the L2 norm. The second-order temporal convergence can be recovered if almost all of time-step ratios rkle1+sqrt2 or some high-order starting scheme is used. Specially, for linear dissipative diffusion problems, the stable BDF2 method preserves both the energy dissipation law (in the H1 seminorm) and the L2 norm monotonicity at the discrete levels. An example is included to support our analysis.




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