Analysis of supply chains with quantity based fixed incentives
This paper examines the use of quantity based fixed incentives, defined as the total monetary values of all benefits externally offered or internally accrued by a supply chain member to increase the order quantity from downstream members, to coordinate inventory decisions in a decentralized supply chain. A two stage supply chain of autonomous supplier and distributor is considered and for such case it is shown that the optimal ordering policy for the newsvendor distributor under fixed incentives is an \((s,S)\)-type policy. It is also shown that external and internal quantity based incentives can restore channel coordination in single period and channel members can benefit through arbitrary splitting of the resulting additional chain profit. The single period results are extended to multiple periods and the impact of fixed incentives on the distributor's optimal stocking policy and channel efficiency are examined under three different multi-period supplier strategies. Numerical examples are used to compare the multi-period strategies and to provide additional managerial insights. The results show that contrary to common belief, incentive plans developed and maintained based only on current inventory data may perform poorly in the long term and that such incentive plans must be periodically updated to enhance their efficiency. Finally, it is shown that high level of incentives designed to push too much inventory downstream of the supply chain can actually reduce the chain's efficiency.
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- Supply chain coordination with multiple shipments: the optimal inventory subsidizing contracts
- Decentralized multi-echelon supply chains: incentives and information
- Incentives to improve the service level in a random yield supply chain: the role of bonus contracts
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