Approximation of pseudo-differential flows

Abstract: Given a classical symbol

M

of order zero, and associated semiclassical operators

{m o p}_{v} a r e p s i l o n (M),

we prove that the flow of

{m o p}_{v} a r e p s i l o n (M)

is well approximated, in time

O (| l n v a r e p s i l o n |),

by a pseudo-differential operator, the symbol of which is the flow

e x p (t M)

of the symbol

M .

A similar result holds for non-autonomous equations, associated with time-dependent families of symbols

M (t) .

This result was already used, by the author and co-authors, to give a stability criterion for high-frequency WKB approximations, and to prove a strong Lax-Mizohata theorem. We give here two further applications: sharp semigroup bounds, implying nonlinear instability under the assumption of spectral instability at the symbolic level, and a new proof of sharp G {a}rding inequalities.

Review text

This paper deals with a family \(\text{op}_\varepsilon(M)\), \(\varepsilon>0\), of semiclassical pseudo-differential operators associated with a matrix-valued classical symbol \(M(x,\xi)\in \mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\) of order \(0\). Let \(\exp(t\;\text{op}_\varepsilon(M))\) denote the flow of the ordinary differential equation \(\partial_tu=\text{op}_\varepsilon(M)u\), \(u|_{t=0}= u_0\in L^2\). It is proved here that the above defined flow is well approximated in time \(O(|\ln\varepsilon|)\) by a pseudo-differential operator, the symbol of which is the flow \(\exp(tM)\) of \(M\), namely: \(\exp(t\;\text{op}_\varepsilon(M))\simeq\text{op}_\varepsilon(\exp(tM))\). This result was already used by the author and co-authors to give a stability criterion for high-frequency WKB approximations.NEWLINENEWLINE In the paper under review, two new applications are given: sharp semigroup bounds, implying nonlinear instability under the assumption of spectral instability at the symbolic level (Theorem 3.6) and a new proof of sharp Gårding inequalities (Theorem 4.1).

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