Archipelago groups

DOI10.1090/PROC/12609MaRDI QIDQ2944870zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors G. Conner, Wolfram Hojka, M. Meilstrup

Publication date 8 September 2015

Published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.8389

zbMATH Keywords

archipelagoinfinite wordmapping coneTopologist's productwedge

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Homotopy groups of wedges, joins, and simple spaces (55Q20) Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus (57M05) Wild embeddings (57M30)

Abstract: The classical archipelago is a non-contractible subset of $mathbb{R}^3$ which is homeomorphic to a disk except at one non-manifold point. Its fundamental group, $mathcalA$, is the quotient of the topologist's product of $mathbbZ$, the fundamental group of the shrinking wedge of countably many copies of the circle (the Hawaiian earring), modulo the corresponding free product. We show $mathcalA$ is locally free, not indicable, and has the rationals both as a subgroup and a quotient group. Replacing $mathbbZ$ with arbitrary groups yields the notion of archipelago groups. Surprisingly, every archipelago of countable groups is isomorphic to either $mathcalA(mathbbZ)$ or $mathcalA(mathbb{Z}_2)$, the cases where the archipelago is built from circles or projective planes respectively. We conjecture that these two groups are isomorphic and prove that for large enough cardinalities of $G_i$, $mathcalA(G_i)$ is not isomorphic to either.

Recommendations

• Archipelago groups are locally free. Corrigendum to: ``Cotorsion and wild homology
• The harmonic archipelago as a universal locally free group.
• Free and non-free subgroups of the fundamental group of the Hawaiian earrings.
• On the homology of the harmonic archipelago
• THE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP OF THE HAWAIIAN EARRING IS NOT FREE

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Cited in

(20)

• Cotorsion and wild homology
• The number of homomorphisms from the Hawaiian earring group
• Transfinite product reduction in fundamental groupoids
• Critical islands
• Archipelago groups are locally free. Corrigendum to: ``Cotorsion and wild homology
• Fundamental groups of James reduced products
• On small \(n\)-Hawaiian loops
• The harmonic archipelago as a universal locally free group.
• On the Abelianization of Certain Topologist’s Products
• On the homology of the harmonic archipelago
• Scattered products in fundamental groupoids
• On topological homotopy groups and relation to Hawaiian groups
• On the failure of the first Čech homotopy group to register geometrically relevant fundamental group elements
• The Gross-Neveu-Yukawa archipelago
• Elements of higher homotopy groups undetectable by polyhedral approximation
• The Griffiths double cone group is isomorphic to the triple
• Fundamental groups of reduced suspensions are locally free
• On Hawaiian homology groups
• The nonabelian product modulo sum
• On measure homology of mildly wild spaces

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