Arithmetic in group extensions

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Finite groups with a non-trivial solvable radical are represented as hybrid groups. More precisely, a group \(G\) with a polycyclic normal subgroup \(B\) and finite quotient \(A=G/B\) is described by a polycyclic presentation for \(B\), a faithful permutation representation and a confluent rewriting system for \(A\), the conjugation action of quotient generators on \(B\) and correction terms encoding the extension. These data yield a confluent rewriting system for \(G\) and normal forms of the shape \(w(\mathcal X)b\). The paper develops algorithms for arithmetic, element orders and membership testing, together with constructions for subgroups, transversals, factor groups and homomorphisms. The implementation in GAP permits the use of existing algorithms based on the solvable-radical paradigm.\N\NThe method is tested on several large extensions and then applied to the maximal subgroup \(2^{10+16}{.}\mathrm{O}_{10}^{+}(2)\) of the Monster. The second cohomology group associated with the relevant \(10\)-dimensional module has dimension \(2\), yielding four candidate extensions. Conjugacy-class and centralizer computations exclude two candidates. Character tables for the remaining two are obtained using inflation, induction from large subgroups, tensor products and LLL reduction. Possible class fusions into the character table of the Monster eliminate one further candidate and identify the required table, which has been added to the GAP Character Table Library.



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