Arithmetic of modular curves and applications

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The authors use the theory of the arithmetic of modular curves to construct and develop appropriate algorithms and use them in many, very interesting, applications. The first part of the paper contains the theory which has been used. The second part contains the developed algorithms, i.e. use of the theory of modular symbols and the explicit action of the Hecke operators on them in order to decompose spaces of cusp forms into eigenspaces which then determine the \(\mathbb{Q}\)-factors of the Jacobian \(J_0(N)\) of the modular curve \(X_0(N)\), to construct \(\mathbb{Z}\)-bases for these spaces. The method of modular symbols which has been used is the most efficient known. In the last section applications of these calculations have been given: \begin{itemize} \item[--] computations of modular forms of weight 1 and \(\frac 32\) and their applications to Artin's conjecture and to the determination of Selmer groups of twists of elliptic curves, \item[--] the computation of intersection pairing inside of \(J_0(N)\) with applications to congruence primes and interesting diophantine conjectures like the \(ABC\)-conjecture, \item[--] the computation of period matrices of factors of \(J_0(N)\) and the explicit construction of curves up to genus 5 which are hyperelliptic with Jacobian equal to one of these factors, \item[--] the computation of Hecke operators \(T_l\) for rather large prime numbers \(l\) combined with the Eichler-Shimura relation used to compute local factors of the \(L\)-series which correspond to such curves over large finite fields, something which is of interest for the construction of public key cryptosystems based on discrete logarithms, \item[--] assuming the correctness of Manin's conditional algorithm they determine the Mordell-Weil group of the Jacobian of hyperelliptic curve over \(\mathbb{Q}\). \end{itemize} Many examples have been calculated and the results have been given in a series of tables at the end of the paper. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0903.00035].











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