Attractors in a density-dependent diffusion-reaction model
We investigate the behaviour of solutions of the nonlinear degenerate reaction-diffusion equation \[ u_t= (u^m)_{xx}+ s_0u^p- a_0u^q,\tag{1} \] where \(m\), \(p\), \(q\), \(s_0\) and \(a_0\) are positive parameters. We suppose mostly that \(m>1\), \(p\geq 1\), \(q\geq 1\), and \(p\neq q\). In the neighbourhood of points where \(u(x,t)>0\) equation (1) is parabolic and the solution is smooth. When \(u(x,t)=0\) -- this happens exactly on the free boundary -- the equation is degenerate and \(u(x,t)\) is not smooth in general. However, \((u^m)_x\) is supposed to be continuous. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a travelling-wave solution \(f\) to (1), such that \(f(-\infty)=l\), \(f(\infty)=0\). Our main result concerns the stability of solution \(u\equiv 1\), \((s_0= a_0=1)\): for any bounded initial function \(u_0(x)\), not necessarily less than 1, the solution tends to 1 when \(t\to\infty\), provided \(p<\min(m,q)\). In the fourth section, we obtain some consequence of our main results concerning the behaviour of free boundaries \(\zeta^+\), \(\zeta^-\), and by some examples, we indicate results for the complementary parameter range \(p>q\), too.
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