BOUNDED COCYCLES AND COMBINGS OF GROUPS
A finitely generated group \(G\) with finite set of semigroup generators \(A\) is said to be combable if there is a section \(\sigma: G\to A^*\) of the evaluation mapping \(A^*\to G\) so that, considering each string \(w\in A^*\) as a path in the Cayley graph starting at the base point with domain extended to all \(\mathbb{R}_ +\) by making the path constant after it reaches its endpoint, there is a constant \(k>0\) so that one has \(|\sigma(g)(t)-\sigma(g')(t)|\leq k\) for all \(t\in\mathbb{R}_ +\) whenever \(| g-g'|=1\); that is, if two paths begin at the same point and end a unit apart in the word metric, then they remain uniformly \(k\)-close for all times. There is a stronger notion of bicombing, in which the section \(\sigma\) satisfies the additional property that if the paths \(a\cdot\sigma(g)\) and \(\sigma(g)\) end at the same point (where the first path is the result of translating \(\sigma(g)\) using the left action of a generator \(a\in A\) on the Cayley graph), then they remain uniformly \(k\)-close for all times. Combable groups arose as a generalization of automatic groups and bicombable groups as generalizations of biautomatic groups (an automatic (resp. biautomatic) group is a combable (resp. bicombable) group in which the language \(\sigma(G)\subset A^*\) is the language of a finite state automaton [\textit{D. B. A. Epstein} et al., Word processing in groups (Jones and Bartlett, 1992)]. The present paper produces an example of a bicombable group which is not residually finite. The example is one which had been studied previously by \textit{M. S. Raghunathan} [Math. Ann. 266, 403-419 (1984; Zbl 0513.22008)]. The main technique involves considering bounded cocycles with integer values and an integrality theorem that states that if a bounded real cohomology class admits an integral reduction, then it admits a bounded integral reduction. The same technique shows that two of the eight 3-dimensional geometries, namely \(\widetilde{\text{Sl}}_ 2(\mathbb{R})\) and \(\mathbb{H}^ 2\times\mathbb{R}\), are quasiisometric and furthermore that Seifert fibred manifolds over hyperbolic orbifolds have bicombable fundamental groups. Observations are made about the isoperimetric inequalities satisfied by combable groups (in the sense being used here, which differs from that of Epstein et al.).
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