Binary quadratic forms with the same value set

DOI10.1016/J.INDAG.2025.01.005MaRDI QIDQ6934091zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Étienne Fouvry, Peter Koymans

Publication date 3 September 2025

Published in Indagationes Mathematicae. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDAG.2025.01.005

zbMATH Keywords

binary forms class field theory value sets

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quadratic forms over global rings and fields (11E12) General binary quadratic forms (11E16) Class field theory (11R37)

Review text

Let \(F=aX^2+bXY+cY^2 \in \mathbb{Z}[X,Y]\) be a binary quadratic form. The value set of \(F\) is defined by \(F (\mathbb{Z}^2)=\{ F(x,y) : (x,y ) \in \mathbb{Z}^2 \}\). Let \(G\) be another binary quadratic form. This paper under review concerns the condition for the equality \(F(\mathbb{Z}^2) = G (\mathbb{Z}^2)\) to be valid. If it is the case, let us call them value-equivalent. If they are \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{Z})\)-equivalent, then they are obviously value-equivalent. If \(F\) and \(G\) are positive definite, then the converse is almost true with only one exception of the Delone-Watson pair \(X^2 +XY +Y^2\) and \(X^2+3Y^2\), which are non-equivalent forms with the same value sets.\N\NThe authors develop a method to classify quadratic forms including indefinite one by value-equivalence and prove the following main theorem. A value-equivalence class of a primitive form \(F\) of discriminant \(d\) decomposes either one or two \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{Z})\)-equivalence classes and it decomposes into two classes if \(d\) satisfies \(d \equiv 5 \pmod{8}\) and \(h^+ (d) = h^+ (4d)\).

Cites work

This page was built for publication: Binary quadratic forms with the same value set

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q6934091)