Braid groups and Kleinian singularities

DOI10.1007/S00208-010-0627-YMaRDI QIDQ652248zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Christopher Brav, Hugh Thomas

Publication date 14 December 2011

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.2521

zbMATH Keywords

braid groups Kleinian singularities spherical objects spherical twists stability conditions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36)

Abstract: We establish faithfulness of braid group actions generated by twists along an ADE configuration of

2

-spherical objects in a derived category. Our major tool is the Garside structure on braid groups of type ADE. This faithfulness result provides the missing ingredient in Bridgeland's description of a space of stability conditions associated to a Kleinian singularity.

Review text

Consider a finite group \(G\subset \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})\), the surface \(\mathbb{C}^2/G\) with a unique singular point \(0\) and the minimal resolution \(\pi: X\rightarrow \mathbb{C}^2/G\). It is well-known that the exceptional divisor \(E=\pi^{-1}(0)\) consists of a tree of \((-2)\)-curves whose dual graph is a Dynkin diagram of type ADE. The structure sheaf \(S_i=\mathcal{O}_{E_i}\) of any irreducible component \(E_i\) of \(E\) is known to be a \(2\)-spherical object, that is, for any \(i\) we have \(S_i\otimes \omega_X\cong S_i\) and \(\text{Hom}(S_i,S_i[k])=\mathbb{C}\) if \(k=0,2\) and \(0\) otherwise. Any spherical object gives rise to a spherical twist, an autoequivalence of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves \(D^b(X)\) on \(X\), and it was shown by \textit{P. Seidel} and \textit{R. Thomas} [Duke Math. J. 108, No. 1, 37--108 (2001; Zbl 1092.14025)] that the spherical twists associated to the \(S_i\) satisfy the braid relations. In type A they also showed that this action of the braid group is faithful. The purpose of the paper under review is to prove the faithfulness in types ADE. To do this, the Garside structure on braid groups is used in an essential way. Background concerning this and further generalities on braid groups are presented in Section 2. In Section 3 the authors recall some facts about spherical twists and prove their main result. The idea is to show that a braid group element is completely determined by the action of the corresponding twist on the direct sum of the \(S_i\). In the last section an application to spaces of stability conditions is presented. Namely, \textit{T. Bridgeland} has shown in [Int.\ Math.\ Res.\ Not.\ 2009, No.\ 21, 4142--4157 (2009; Zbl 1228.14012)] that a connected component of the stability manifold of a certain subcategory \(\mathcal{D}\) of \(D^b(X)\) is a covering of the space of regular orbits of the Weyl group corresponding to the singularity type. He also proved that if the braid group action is faithful, then the covering is in fact the universal one. Hence, the results of the paper under review show that we have a universal covering not only in type A but in types ADE.

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