Categorical frameworks for generalized functions

DOI10.1007/S40065-015-0126-9MaRDI QIDQ903188zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 5 January 2016

Published in Arabian Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.4839

Cartesian closed category Colombeau algebra Colombeau generalized functions diffeological spaces Frölicher spaces functionally generated spaces manifolds Schwartz distribution spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Distributions on infinite-dimensional spaces (46F25) Generalized functions for nonlinear analysis (Rosinger, Colombeau, nonstandard, etc.) (46F30) Distributions and generalized functions on nonlinear spaces (46T30) Spaces of embeddings and immersions (58D10) Spaces and manifolds of mappings (including nonlinear versions of 46Exx) (58D99)

Abstract: We tackle the problem of finding a suitable categorical framework for generalized functions used in mathematical physics for linear and non-linear PDEs. We are looking for a Cartesian closed category which contains both Schwartz distributions and Colombeau generalized functions as natural objects. We study Fr"olicher spaces, diffeological spaces and functionally generated spaces as frameworks for generalized functions. The latter are similar to Fr"olicher spaces, but starting from locally defined functionals. Functionally generated spaces strictly lie between Fr"olicher spaces and diffeological spaces, and they form a complete and cocomplete Cartesian closed category. We deeply study functionally generated spaces (and Fr"olicher spaces) as a framework for Schwartz distributions, and prove that in the category of diffeological spaces, both the special and the full Colombeau algebras are smooth differential algebras, with a smooth embedding of Schwartz distributions and smooth pointwise evaluations of Colombeau generalized functions.

Review text

The quest of the author is for a Cartesian closed category for generalized functions that contains Schwartz distributions and Colombeau generalized functions as natural objects. Frölicher spaces, diffeological spaces and functionally generated spaces are brought into play as an essential underlying structure for generalized functions. Intensive study is made with regard to functionally generated spaces and the Frölicher space as a fundamental structure for Schwartz distributions, in order to prove that in the category of diffeological spaces, both the special and the Colombeau algebras are smooth differential algebras, with smooth plantation of Schwartz distributions and smooth pointwise evaluations of Colombeau generalized functions. The paper has six sections. A category, abbreviated as FDlg (mentioned on p. 308 of this paper), of functionally generated spaces has good properties and lies strictly between the category of Frölicher spaces and that of diffeological spaces. It is indicated that diffeology is the smooth structure on a diffeological space, and this space together with the Frölicher spaces are the generalizations of smooth manifolds. In one of the subsections, see 2.3, some properties for the category FDlg of functionally generated spaces and smooth maps are proved. In other words, it is shown that FDlg is complete, co-complete, and Cartesian closed. This initiates to prove that every co-product of functionally generated spaces with the co-product diffeology is again functionally generated. While it is true that the category, denoted by Man, of all smooth manifolds and smooth maps is fully embedded in the category FDlg, in Subsection 2.4 it is discussed that if a limit or a co-limit exists in Man, then it is the same as the corresponding limit or co-limit in the category FDlg. Section 3 highlights the relationship between Cartesian closedness and locally convex topology, which is continued in Section 4. Spaces for Colombeau generalized functions as diffeological spaces are discussed in Section 5.

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