Characterization of modular correspondences by geometric properties
Let \(X(N)\) be the modular curve of level \(N\). An irreducible correspondence \(\Xi\) of \(X(N)\) is said to be almost unramified if every branch point of \(\Xi\) and of its transpose \(^ t\Xi\), as a mapping onto \(X(N)\), is a cusp. \(\Xi\) is said to be cuspidal if both \(\Xi\) and \(^ t\Xi\) leave invariant the set of cusps of \(X(N)\). The author proves that an irreducible almost unramified cuspidal correspondence is a modular correspondence. This is a geometric characterization of modular correspondences. The author then gives some criteria for correspondences to be almost unramified as well as to be cuspidal. The last three chapters deal with interesting examples reaching back to the last century. For example, it is shown: The modular curve \(X(7)\) is known to be the Klein curve and realized as a twisted sextic curve \(K\) in \(\mathbb{P}^ 3\). Then the Hecke correspondence \(T_ 2\) on \(X(7)\) is the correspondence on \(K\) that associates to a point \(p\) of \(K\) the three points where \(K\) is met by the trisecant associated to \(p\).
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