Classification of real trivectors in dimension nine
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Abstract: We classify real trivectors in dimension 9. The corresponding classification over the field C of complex numbers was obtained by Vinberg and Elashvili in 1978. One of the main tools used for their classification was the construction of the representation of SL(9,C) on the space of complex trivectors of C^9 as a theta-representation corresponding to a Z/3Z-grading of the simple complex Lie algebra of type E_8. This divides the trivectors into three groups: nilpotent, semisimple, and mixed trivectors. Our classification follows the same pattern. We use Galois cohomology, first and second, to obtain the classification over R.
Let \(V\) be an \(n\)-dimensional vector space over the field \(\mathbb{K}\). The elements of \(\bigwedge^2 V\) and \(\bigwedge^3 V\) are called bivectors and trivectors, respectively. If \(\mathbb{K}\) is \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\), then the orbits of \(\mathrm{GL}(V)\) on the space of bivectors can be listed for all \(n\). However, the situation for trivectors is much more complicated. In this paper, the authors give a classification of trivectors under the action of \(\mathrm{SL}(V)\) for \(n = 9\) and \(\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R}\) (the corresponding classification over the field \(\mathbb{C}\) is in [\textit{È. B. Vinberg} and \textit{A. G. Èlashvili}, Tr. Semin. Vektorn. Tenzorn. Anal. 18, 197--233 (1978; Zbl 0441.15010)]). The classification follows the same pattern as in [loc. cit.]. The Galois cohomology, both the first and the second, is used.
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