Classroom Note:Geometry and Convergence of Euler's and Halley's Methods

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Sufficient conditions under which the Euler and Halley methods are globally and monotonically convergent to a root of an equation \(f(x)= 0\) are well known. They are, however, included as special cases in the theory of more general iteration functions. As is obvious, several higher-order methods can possess no common geometrical interpretation. In order to exploit such an interpretation, the author considers each of these two methods separately. While the approximation function in the Euler method is a parabola that in the Halley method is a hyperbola. Based on these approximation functions the proofs of the corresponding two theorems become rather simple and illustrative. Although not similar they are analogous to each other, however. The author then considers some results made possible by the geometric interpretation. Among other things it is possible to compare both methods and identify situation where one is preferable to the other. Finally, a generalization containing both these methods is outlined.




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