Cohomological characterisation of hyperbolicity
Several theorems in the literature provide cohomological characterisations of hyperbolic and relatively hyperbolic groups. This approach was initiated by Gersten, who proved (in un unpublished preprint) that hyperbolic groups are characterised by the vanishing of second \(\ell^\infty\)-cohomology.\N\NHere the authors study a notion of \(\ell^\infty\)-cohomology for graphs, based on the notion introduced by \textit{G. Elek} [\(K\)-Theory 13, No. 1, 1--22 (1998; Zbl 0899.46059)] and characterise hyperbolicity by the vanishing of second \(\ell^\infty\)-cohomology. They similarly obtain a characterisation of hyperbolicity for coned-off spaces in terms of vanishing of relative \(\ell^\infty\)-cohomology.\N\NThe key novelty is that the graphs are not assumed to be locally finite, like in previous work. This feature allows them to apply these findings to the cone-offs of Cayley graphs with respect to infinite generating sets that are involved in the definition of hyperbolically embedded subgroups. This way they obtain a characterisation of hyperbolically embedded subgroups in terms of vanishing of relative second \(\ell^\infty\)-cohomology. Note that the existence of (proper, infinite) hyperbolically embedded subgroups characterises acylindrical hyperbolicity [\textit{D. Osin}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 368, No. 2, 851--888 (2016; Zbl 1380.20048)].\N\NAll of these results are dependent on a small technical assumption: finite homological isoperimetric function (for spaces) and \(S\)-bounded \(H^2\) (for a group \(G\) with generating set \(S\)). This is a homological analogue of the fact that in the Cayley graph of a finite presentation, every null-homotopic loop can be tessellated by relators of bounded size: indeed, if \(G\) is finitely presented and \(S\) is finite, then \(G\) has bounded \(H^2\).\N\NThere is a small typo in the statement of Theorem 1.1: injective should be replaced by \(1\)-injective, as in the statement of Theorem 2.9.
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