Compact embeddings and proper mappings

Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be a Banach spaces over the field of real or complex numbers. Let \(L(X,Y)\) denote the set of all continuous linear mappings from \(X\) to \(Y\). In this paper, the following theorem is established. Theorem. Let \(X\subseteq Y\) be a compact embedding and \(i: X\to Y\) be a continuous linear injective map. Suppose that {\parindent7.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(g: X\to Y\) is a \(C^1\)-proper mapping and the mapping \(ti(x)- g(x)\) is weakly coercive for each \(t\in [0,1]\). \item[(ii)] For all \((x,t)\) in \(X\times [0,1]\) with \(ti(x)- g(x)= 0\), the mapping \(ti(x)- g^{-1}(x)\in L(X,Y)\) is surjective. \item[(iii)] There is an \(x_0\) such that \(g(x_0)= 0\). \end{itemize}} Then the following two results are true: {\parindent6.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(a)] There is an \(x^*\) in \(X\) such that \(g(x^*)= i(x^*)\). \item[(b)] If \(X\subseteq Y\) and \(i(u)= u\) for each \(u\) in \(X\), then \(g(x^*)= x^*\). \end{itemize}} Based on the proof of this result, there is another result establishing that \(g(x^*)= f(x^*)\) for some point \(x^*\) in \(X\), a compact mapping \(f\), and a proper mapping \(g\) on an open set in \(X\).

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