Complementation and chief factors III
Let \(G\) be a finite group and \(\beta(G)=\{1\}\) if \(|G|=1\) or \(\beta(G)\) is the product of all normal subgroups \(N\) in \(G\) such that each \(G\)-chief factor \(H/K\subseteq N\) is not complemented, a \(\beta\)-chief factor [cf. Part II, ibid. 26, No. 3, 947-965 (1998; Zbl 0910.20013)]. Let \(\tau\) denote a functor on \(\mathfrak E\) (\(\mathfrak E\) is the class of all finite groups) such that for each \(G\in{\mathfrak H}\) and \(\Theta\in\text{Epi}(G)\), (a) \(\tau(G^\Theta)\text{ char }G^\Theta\) and (b) \(\tau(G)^\Theta\subseteq\tau(G^\Theta)\). A formation \(\mathfrak F\) is a \(\tau\)-formation if \(G\in{\mathfrak F}\) if and only if \(G/\tau(G)\in{\mathfrak F}\). If \(\tau(G)=\beta(G)\), the \(\beta\)-formation is called infused. The purpose of this paper is a characterization of infused formations. Let \({\mathcal P}_1\), \({\mathcal P}_2\) denote the collections of primitive groups of types 1, or 2 [cf., p. 53, \textit{K. Doerk} and \textit{T. Hawkes}, Finite soluble groups, de Gruyter, Berlin (1992; Zbl 0753.20001)], \({\mathcal P}_{2^*}\) denoting the collection of elements in \({\mathcal P}_2\) which have a complemented socle. For a maximal subgroup \(M\) in a group \(G\) denote \(M{\lessdot_j}G\) if \(G/\text{core}(M)\in{\mathcal P}_j\) for \(j\in\{1,2\}\) and by \(M{\lessdot_{2^*}}G\) whenever \(G/\text{core}(M)\in{\mathcal P}_{2^*}\). Let \({\mathcal D}(G)=\bigcap\{M<G\mid M{\lessdot_1}G\) or \(M{\lessdot_{2^*}}G\}\), a characteristic subgroup of \(G\). The following theorem is proved. Theorem. Let \(\tau\) be a functor as above such that \(\beta(G)\subseteq\tau(G)\subseteq{\mathcal D}(G)\). A formation \(\mathfrak F\) is a \(\tau\)-formation if and only if it is infused. The other interesting results of this paper are connected with local definitions of infused formations by means of formation functions and with description of the structure of the subgroup \({\mathcal D}(G)\).
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