Complete characterizations of a class of oscillatory difference equations
Consider the delay difference equation \[ x_{n+1}-x_n+ px_{n- k}+qx_{n-l}=0, \qquad n=0,1,2,\dots,\quad k>l>1. \] Every solution is oscillatory if, and only if, both of the following conditions hold: (a) \(p>0\); (b) \((k+1)\xi^{-k}p+ (l+1)\xi^{-k}q>1\), where \(\xi\) is the unique real root of the equation \[ p= \frac{\lambda^k}{k-l} (k+1) \biggl(\lambda- \frac{k}{k+1} \biggr) \] in \((\frac{l}{l+1}, \infty)\). Similar results are obtained in the case \(k>l=0\), as well as for difference equations of both types advanced and mixed.
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