Oscillations of delay difference equations

DOI10.1016/0898-1221(95)00020-YMaRDI QIDQ5917664zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Ioannis P. Stavroulakis

Publication date 12 March 1996

Published in Computers & Mathematics with Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/0898-1221(95)00020-Y

zbMATH Keywords

delay difference equation difference inequalities oscillation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Additive difference equations (39A10) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12)

Review text

New oscillation criteria for delay difference equations are established. The typical result is the following. Consider the delay difference equation \[ \Delta x_n+ p_n x_{n-k} =0, \qquad n= 0, 1, 2,\ldots\;, \tag{1} \] where \(\{p_n\}\) is a sequence of real numbers, \(k\) is a positive integer, and \(\Delta x_n= x_{n+1}- x_n\), and two difference inequalities related with (1), \[ \Delta x_n+ p_n x_{n- k}\leq 0, \qquad n=0, 1, 2, \ldots\;, \tag{2} \] and \[ \Delta x_n+ p_n x_{n-k}\geq 0, \qquad n=0, 1, 2, \ldots\;. \tag{3} \] A solution \(\{x_n \}\) of equation (1) is said to be oscillatory if the terms \(x_n\) of the solution are neither eventually all positive nor eventually all negative. Assume that \(\{p_n \}\) is a nonnegative sequence of real numbers and let \(k\) be a positive integer. Assume further that there exists \(M>0\) such that \[ \liminf_{n\to \infty} \sum_{i= n-k}^{n -1} p_i> M, \qquad \text{and} \qquad M= \limsup_{n\to \infty} p_n> 1- \bigl( {\textstyle {M\over 2}} \bigr)^2. \] Then, (1) has only oscillatory solutions, (2) has no eventually positive solutions, (3) has no eventually negative solutions.

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