Completely p-primitive binary quadratic forms

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2018.05.015MaRDI QIDQ1668860zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Byeong-Kweon Oh, Hoseog Yu

Publication date 29 August 2018

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.04283

zbMATH Keywords

\(p\)-primitive representationsbinary quadratic formsrepresentation numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quadratic forms over global rings and fields (11E12) General binary quadratic forms (11E16) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25)

Abstract: Let $f(x,y)=a{x}^2+bxy+c{y}^2$ be a binary quadratic form with integer coefficients. For a prime $p$ not dividing the discriminant of $f$, we say $f$ is completely $p$-primitive if for any non-zero integer $N$, the diophantine equation $f(x,y)=N$ has always an integer solution $(x,y)=(m,n)$ with $(m,n,p)=1$ whenever it has an integer solution. In this article, we study various properties of completely $p$-primitive binary quadratic forms. In particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a definite binary quadratic form $f$ to be completely $p$-primitive.

Review text

Let \(f(x,y)=ax^2+bxy+cy^2\) be a binary quadratic form with integer coefficients. The discriminant is \(D=b^2-4ac\). Assume \(D\) is not a square and that \(f\) is primitive, that is, \((a,b,c)=1\). Let \(p\) be a prime not dividing \(D\). An integer \(N\) is \(p\)-primitively represented by \(f\) if \(f(x,y)=N\) has an integer solution \((x,y)=(m,n)\) with \((m,n,p)=1\). Call \(f\) completely \(p\)-primitive if every integer \(N\) represented by by \(f\) is in fact \(p\)-primitively represented. B. W. Jones (1928, unpublished thesis) proved that if an odd prime \(p\) is represented by \(x^2+ky^2\), \(k\) a positive integer prime to \(p\), then \(x^2+ky^2\) is completely \(p\)-primitive. The goal of this paper is to generalize Jones' result. Note that if \(D\) is not a square modulo \(p\) then no multiple of \(p\) is \(p\)-primitively represented by \(f\). So assume \(D\) is a square modulo \(p\). Let \([f]\) denote the \(\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)\)-equivalence class of \(f\). The set of classes of primitive binary forms of discriminant \(D\) form a group \(\mathfrak G_D\). Let \(I_D\) be the identity of \(\mathfrak G_D\). Let \(p\) be a prime not dividing \(D\) with \(D\) a square modulo \(p\). The authors show: (1) If \(p^2\) is \(p\)-primitively represented by \(I_D\) then \(f\) is completely \(p\)-primitive. (2) Assume \(D<0\). If \(p^2\) is not \(p\)-primitively represented by \(I_D\) then \(f\) is completely \(p\)-primitive if and only if \([f]\) has order 4 in \(\mathfrak G_D\) and \(p^2\) is \(p\)-primitively represented by \([f]^2\).

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Cited in

(8)

• Universal sums of generalized octagonal numbers
• Primitively universal quaternary quadratic forms
• A sum of squares not divisible by a prime
• Universal sums of generalized pentagonal numbers
• Representations of discriminantal divisors by binary quadratic forms
• Predictive criteria for the representation of primes by binary quadratic forms
• Universal mixed sums of generalized 4- and 8-gonal numbers
• Regular ternary sums of generalized octagonal numbers

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