Completeness of Gabor systems

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Abstract: We investigate the completeness of Gabor systems with respect to several classes of window functions on rational lattices. Our main results show that the time-frequency shifts of every finite linear combination of Hermite functions with respect to a rational lattice are complete in L2(R), thus generalizing a remark of von Neumann (and proved by Bargmann, Perelomov et al.). An analogous result is proven for functions that factor into certain rational functions and the Gaussian. The results are also interesting from a conceptual point of view since they show a vast difference between the completeness and the frame property of a Gabor system. In the terminology of physics we prove new results about the completeness of coherent state subsystems.


The authors study the question when a set of time-frequency shifts NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \mathcal G(g,\alpha,\beta)=\left\{\text{e}^{2\pi \text{i} \beta j x}g(x-\alpha k)\,:\, j,k\in \mathbb Z\right \}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE is complete in \(L^2(\mathbb R)\), that is, the set of linear combinations of functions in \(\mathcal G(g,\alpha,\beta)\) is dense in \(L^2(\mathbb R)\). A related (but stronger) property that is discussed in the paper as well is that \(\mathcal G(g,\alpha,\beta)\) is a frame, i.e., NEWLINE\[NEWLINE A\|f\|_2^2 \leq \sum_{j,k\in \mathbb Z} | \langle f, \text{e}^{2\pi\text{i} \beta j \cdot} g(\cdot-\alpha k)\rangle |^2 \leq B \|f\|_2^2, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for some positive constants \(A\) and \(B\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe main result states that if \(g(x)= R(x)\text{e}^{-\gamma x^2}\) where \(\gamma >0\), \(R\) is either a rational function with no real poles or a finite sum of complex exponentials \(\sum_{m=1}^n c_m\text{e}^{\lambda_m x}\), and \(\alpha\beta\) is rational with \(\alpha \beta \leq 1\) then \(\mathcal G(g,\alpha,\beta)\) is complete. The authors also point out the vast difference between the completeness and the frame property for these Gabor system.



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