Gabor frames with rational density
Let \(g\in L^2(\mathbb R)\) and let \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) be positive numbers. The Gabor system \(\mathcal{G}(g,\alpha,\beta)\) has the form \(\{ e^{2\pi {\text{ i}} \beta n t} g(t-\alpha m) : m,n\in \mathbb Z\}\). When \(g\) is given, an important question in Gabor analysis is to determine the set of parameters \(\alpha, \beta\) so that \(\mathcal{G}(g,\alpha,\beta)\) forms a frame for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\). The authors consider Gabor systems \(\mathcal{G}(g,\alpha,\beta)\) when \(\alpha\beta\in\mathbb Q\). They prove that for any odd function \(g\), which is in the modulation space \(M^1(\mathbb R)\), and \(\alpha\beta=\frac{n-1}{n}\), \(n\in\{2,3,4,\ldots\}\), the Gabor system \(\mathcal{G}(g,\alpha,\beta)\) does not form a frame for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\). For the particular function \(g(t)=h_1(t)=t e^{-\pi t^2}\), a conjecture is posed: if \(\alpha\beta<1\) and \(\alpha\beta\neq \frac{n-1}{n}\), \(n=1,2,3,\ldots\), then \(\mathcal{G}(h_1,\alpha,\beta)\) is a frame for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\). Further, for \(g\in M^1(\mathbb R)\) and \(\alpha\beta\in\mathbb Q\), the authors give a necessary and sufficient condition for \(\mathcal{G}(g,\alpha,\beta)\) to form a frame for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\), using a matrix which involves the Zak transform.
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