Frame constants of Gabor frames near the critical density
The authors consider the Gabor frames \(\mathcal G(g,\Lambda) = \{\pi_\lambda g: \lambda \in\Lambda\}\) generated by a function \(g\in L^2(\mathbb R)\) and a lattice \(\Lambda \subset \mathbb R^2\), where \( \pi_\lambda f(t)= e^{2\pi i \xi t } f(t-x), \;t\in \mathbb R \) and \(\lambda = (x,\xi)\in \mathbb R^2\). The lower and upper frame bounds depend on \(g\) and \(\Lambda\), in particular on the geometrical properties of \(\Lambda\), notably the area \(s(\Lambda)\) of its fundamental domain and its density \(d(\Lambda) = s(\Lambda)^{-1}\). In the case of the Gaussian window \(g_0(t) = \exp(-\pi t^2), \; t\in\mathbb R\), a standard result is that the set \(\mathcal G(g_0,\Lambda)\) is a frame for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\) if and only if \(s(\Lambda)<1\). Together with the Balian-Low theorem, this implies that the lower frame bound \(A\) must tend to 0 as \(s(\Lambda)\to 1\). In this paper, the authors consider exclusively the Gaussian window \(g_0\) and the square lattice \(\Lambda(a) = a\mathbb Z \times a\mathbb Z\) and analyze the behavior of the frame constants near the critical density \(d(\Lambda) = 1\), i.e., \(a=1\). The main result is that there exist constants \(0<c<C<\infty\) such that for each \(a\in(1/2,1)\) the frame bounds \(A(a) \) and \(B(a) \) satisfy \[ c(1-a^2) \leqslant A(a) \leqslant C(1-a^2) \quad \text{ and } c<B(a)<C. \] In addition, it turns out that exactly the same result holds true for the hyperbolic window \(g_1(t) = (\cosh \pi\gamma t)^{-1},\; \gamma>0\).
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