Density results for subspace multiwindow Gabor systems in the rational case

General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Completeness of sets of functions in nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C30) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40)

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Let \(\mathcal{H}\) be a separable Hilbert space and \(I\) be a countable index set. A sequence \(\{f_k\}_{k\in I}\) in \(\mathcal{H}\) is called a frame for \(\mathcal{H}\) if there exist positive constants \(C,\,D\) such that \(C\|f\|^2\leq\sum_{k\in I}|\langle f,f_k\rangle|^2\leq D\|f\|^2\), \(f\in\mathcal{H}\). In particular, \(\{f_k\}_{k\in I}\) is called a tight frame if \(C=D\). A frame for \(\mathcal{H}\) is called a Riesz basis for \(\mathcal{H}\) if it ceases to be a frame whenever any one of its elements is removed. Given \(a,\,b\in(0,\infty)\). Define the modulation operator \(E_{mb}\), \(m\in\mathbb{Z}\), and the translation operator \(T_{na}\), \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\), by \[ E_{mb}f(\cdot):=e^{2\pi mb\cdot}f(\cdot)\;\text{and}\;T_{na}f(\cdot):=f(\cdot-na), \quad f\in L^2(\mathbb{R}), \] respectively. Let \(R\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(\mathbb{N}_R:=\{0,1,\dotsc,R-1\}\). For \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_r\in L^2(\mathbb{R})\) with \(r\in\mathbb{N}_R\), denote by \(G(R,a,b)\) the multiwindow Gabor system \(\{E_{mb}T_{na}g_r\}_{m,n\in\mathbb{Z},\, r\in\mathbb{N}_R}\). Let \(R\in\mathbb{R}\), \(a,b\in(0,\infty)\) satisfy \(ab=\frac{p}{q}\) with \(p,q\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(\gcd(p,q)=1\) (the greatest common divisor of \(p\) and \(q\) is \(1\)). Let \(\mathbb{S}\) be an \(a\mathbb{Z}\)-periodic set in \(\mathbb{R}\). The authors prove that there exist at least \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_0,g_1,\dotsc,g_{R-1}\) in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is complete in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) if and only if the following conditions are satisfied: (i) \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}_p}\chi_{\mathbb{S}}(t+\frac{k}{b})\leq Rq\) for \(t\in[0,\frac1{bq})\); (ii) there exists a measurable set \(E\subset[0,\frac1{bq})\) with \(|E|>0\) such that \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}_p}\chi_{\mathbb{S}}(t+\frac{k}{b})>(R-1)q\) for \(t\in E\). Under the conditions (i) and (ii), the authors further construct \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_r:=\chi_{E_r}\), \(r\in\mathbb{N}_R\), in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) for some nonzero measurable sets \(E_0,E_1,\dotsc,E_{R-1}\) in \(\mathbb{S}\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is a tight frame for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\). Moreover, the authors show that (i) and (ii) above are also the correct density conditions for the existence of at least \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_0,g_1,\dotsc,g_{R-1}\) in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is a frame for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\). In the end, the authors derive a characterization of a Gabor frame \(G(R,a,b)\) as a Riesz basis for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\), and prove that there exists \(\{g_r\}_{r\in\mathbb{N}_R}\subset L^2(\mathbb{S})\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is a Riesz basis for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) if and only if \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}_p} \chi_{\mathbb{S}}(\cdot+\frac{k}{b})=Rq\) on \(\mathbb{R}\).

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