Density results for subspace multiwindow Gabor systems in the rational case (Q1949658)

Let \(\mathcal{H}\) be a separable Hilbert space and \(I\) be a countable index set. A sequence \(\{f_k\}_{k\in I}\) in \(\mathcal{H}\) is called a frame for \(\mathcal{H}\) if there exist positive constants \(C,\,D\) such that \(C\|f\|^2\leq\sum_{k\in I}|\langle f,f_k\rangle|^2\leq D\|f\|^2\), \(f\in\mathcal{H}\). In particular, \(\{f_k\}_{k\in I}\) is called a tight frame if \(C=D\). A frame for \(\mathcal{H}\) is called a Riesz basis for \(\mathcal{H}\) if it ceases to be a frame whenever any one of its elements is removed. Given \(a,\,b\in(0,\infty)\). Define the modulation operator \(E_{mb}\), \(m\in\mathbb{Z}\), and the translation operator \(T_{na}\), \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\), by \[ E_{mb}f(\cdot):=e^{2\pi mb\cdot}f(\cdot)\;\text{and}\;T_{na}f(\cdot):=f(\cdot-na), \quad f\in L^2(\mathbb{R}), \] respectively. Let \(R\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(\mathbb{N}_R:=\{0,1,\dotsc,R-1\}\). For \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_r\in L^2(\mathbb{R})\) with \(r\in\mathbb{N}_R\), denote by \(G(R,a,b)\) the multiwindow Gabor system \(\{E_{mb}T_{na}g_r\}_{m,n\in\mathbb{Z},\, r\in\mathbb{N}_R}\). Let \(R\in\mathbb{R}\), \(a,b\in(0,\infty)\) satisfy \(ab=\frac{p}{q}\) with \(p,q\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(\gcd(p,q)=1\) (the greatest common divisor of \(p\) and \(q\) is \(1\)). Let \(\mathbb{S}\) be an \(a\mathbb{Z}\)-periodic set in \(\mathbb{R}\). The authors prove that there exist at least \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_0,g_1,\dotsc,g_{R-1}\) in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is complete in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) if and only if the following conditions are satisfied: (i) \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}_p}\chi_{\mathbb{S}}(t+\frac{k}{b})\leq Rq\) for \(t\in[0,\frac1{bq})\); (ii) there exists a measurable set \(E\subset[0,\frac1{bq})\) with \(|E|>0\) such that \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}_p}\chi_{\mathbb{S}}(t+\frac{k}{b})>(R-1)q\) for \(t\in E\). Under the conditions (i) and (ii), the authors further construct \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_r:=\chi_{E_r}\), \(r\in\mathbb{N}_R\), in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) for some nonzero measurable sets \(E_0,E_1,\dotsc,E_{R-1}\) in \(\mathbb{S}\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is a tight frame for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\). Moreover, the authors show that (i) and (ii) above are also the correct density conditions for the existence of at least \(R\) nonzero window functions \(g_0,g_1,\dotsc,g_{R-1}\) in \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is a frame for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\). In the end, the authors derive a characterization of a Gabor frame \(G(R,a,b)\) as a Riesz basis for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\), and prove that there exists \(\{g_r\}_{r\in\mathbb{N}_R}\subset L^2(\mathbb{S})\) such that \(G(R,a,b)\) is a Riesz basis for \(L^2(\mathbb{S})\) if and only if \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}_p} \chi_{\mathbb{S}}(\cdot+\frac{k}{b})=Rq\) on \(\mathbb{R}\).