Complex attractors and patterns in reaction-diffusion systems

DOI10.1007/S10884-016-9552-4MaRDI QIDQ1743981zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 16 April 2018

Published in Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-016-9552-4

inertial manifold theory realization of vector fields slow-fast dynamics slow-fast system

Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of PDEs (35B30) Pattern formations in context of PDEs (35B36) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Attractors (35B41) Inertial manifolds (35B42) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Inertial manifolds and other invariant attracting sets of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L25)

Review text

This paper is devoted to the analysis of long time behavior and pattern formation in the following class of reaction-diffusion systems. Let \(u=u(x,y,t)\) be a scalar function and \({\mathbf v}={\mathbf v} (x,y,t)\) be a vector function, both posed on an infinite domain \(\Omega\times \{t\geq 0\}\), where \(\Omega= (-\infty,\infty)\times(0,1)\), such that \((u, {\mathbf v})\) solves the system \[ \begin{aligned} u_t=d\Delta u +f(u,{\mathbf v})+ \zeta(x,y),\\ {\mathbf v}_t={\mathbf D}\Delta {\mathbf v} +{\mathbf g}(u,{\mathbf v})+ {\boldsymbol \eta}(x,y). \end{aligned} \] Here \(\zeta\) and \(\eta_i\) are smooth functions representing external sources, \(g_i\) and \(f \) are sufficiently smooth. The diffusion is described by a positive \(d \ll 1\) and a diagonal matrix \({\mathbf D}\) with entries \(D_i \gg d\). More precisely, it is assumed that \(d=\gamma^{2s}\) with \(s \in (0,0.01)\) and \(D_i=\gamma^{-p_0} d_i\), where \(d_i\) is independent of \(\gamma\) for any \(i\), and \(p_0=1-\frac{3s}{2}+\frac{s_1}{2}\) with \(0\leq s_1\leq \frac{s}{10}.\) The assumption of the smallness of \(\gamma\) imposes a slow-fast structure on the dynamics of this system. The author formulates sufficient conditions on the reaction terms \(f\) and \(\mathbf g\) which in case of scalar \(v\) and \(g\) can be simply formulated as the existence of a root of \(f_v\) which is not a root of \( g_{u} \) or the existence of a root of \(g_u\) which is not a root of \( f_{v} \) and requires a longer, more detailed description in case of multicomponent vectors \(\mathbf v\) and \(\mathbf g\). The author then combines Turing's idea of importance of the significant difference in the rates of diffusion of the components of the system with the method of realization of vector fields developed by Poláčik and, as a result, demonstrates the complex nature of the long-time behavior of the system as a function of \(\gamma\), \(\zeta\), and \(\boldsymbol \eta\), for fixed reaction terms \(f\) and \(\mathbf g\).

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