Congruences with intervals and arbitrary sets

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Abstract: Given a prime p, an integer Hin[1,p), and an arbitrary set calMsubseteqmathbbFp, where mathbbFp is the finite field with p elements, let J(H,calM) denote the number of solutions to the congruence xmequiv yn�mod p for which x,yin[1,H] and m,nincalM. In this paper, we bound J(H,calM) in terms of p, H and the cardinality of calM. In a wide range of parameters, this bound is optimal. We give two applications of this bound: to new estimates of trilinear character sums and to bilinear sums with Kloosterman sums, complementing some recent results of Kowalski, Michel and Sawin (2018).











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