Correlation inequalities for the quantum XY model
\textit{G. Gallavotti} [``A proof of the Griffiths inequalities for the X-Y model, Stud. Appl. Math. 50, 89--92 (1971; \url{doi:10.1002/sapm197150189})] has presented a simple generalization of the Griffiths inequalities to the XY model. In the present paper, the authors generalize the results obtained by Gallavotti. The authors show that the quantum XY model fits the setting, at least with spins \(S = \frac{1}{2}\) and \(S=1\). It follows that many truncated correlation functions take a fixed sign. The authors prove that all ground states of the new model lie in the triplet subspace, so the inequality can be transferred. The authors deal with the Hamiltonian \(H_{\Lambda } = -\sum _{A \subset \Lambda } \Bigl ( J_{A}^{1} \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} + J_{A}^{2} \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{2} \Bigr ), \) where \(J_{A}^{i}\) is a nonnegative coupling constant for each subset of \(A \subset \Lambda\) and each spin direction \(i \in \{1,2\}\). The main results of the authors are follows: Theorem. Assume that \(J_{A}^{i} \geq 0\) for all \(A \subset \Lambda\) and all \(i \in \{1,2\}\). Assume also that \(S=\frac{1}{2}\). Then for all \(A,B \subset \Lambda\), and all \(s\in [0,1]\), we have \[ \begin{aligned} &\Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} ; \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle _{s} - \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle \, \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle \geq 0; \\ &\Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} ; \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{2} \Bigr \rangle _{s} - \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle \, \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{2} \Bigr \rangle \leq 0. \end{aligned} \] Assume that \(J_{A}^{i} \geq 0\) for all \(A \subset \Lambda\) and all \(i \in \{1,2\}\). Assume also that \(S=1\). Then for all \(A,B \subset \Lambda\), and all \(s\in [0,1]\), we have \[ \begin{aligned} &\lim _{\beta \rightarrow \infty } \biggl [ \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} ; \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle _{s} - \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle \, \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle \biggr ] \geq 0;\\ &\lim _{\beta \rightarrow \infty } \biggl [ \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} ; \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{2} \Bigr \rangle _{s} - \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_{x}^{1} \Bigr \rangle \, \Bigl \langle \prod _{x\in B} S_{x}^{2} \Bigr \rangle \biggr ] \leq 0. \end{aligned} \] Theorem. For every finite \(A \subset \subset {\mathbb Z}^d\) and every \(i \in \{1,2\}\), \(\bigl \langle \prod _{x\in A} S_x^i \bigr \rangle _{\Lambda }^{(+)}\) converges as \(\Lambda \nearrow {\mathbb Z}^d\)
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