Lectures on the Spin and Loop O(n) Models

DOI10.1007/978-981-15-0294-1_10zbMATH Open1446.82019arXiv1708.00058OpenAlexW2740322853MaRDI QIDQ3297366FDOQ3297366

Authors: Ron Peled, Yinon Spinka 

Publication date: 3 July 2020

Published in: Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The classical spin $O(n)$ model is a model on a $d$-dimensional lattice in which a vector on the $(n-1)$-dimensional sphere is assigned to every lattice site and the vectors at adjacent sites interact ferromagnetically via their inner product. Special cases include the Ising model ($n=1$), the XY model ($n=2$) and the Heisenberg model ($n=3$). We discuss questions of long-range order and decay of correlations in the spin $O(n)$ model for different combinations of the lattice dimension $d$ and the number of spin components $n$. The loop $O(n)$ model is a model for a random configuration of disjoint loops. We discuss its properties on the hexagonal lattice. The model is parameterized by a loop weight $nge0$ and an edge weight $xge0$. Special cases include self-avoiding walk ($n=0$), the Ising model ($n=1$), critical percolation ($n=x=1$), dimer model ($n=1,x=infty$), proper $4$-coloring ($n=2,x=infty)$, integer-valued ($n=2$) and tree-valued (integer $n>=3$) Lipschitz functions and the hard hexagon model ($n=infty$). The object of study in the model is the typical structure of loops. We review the connection of the model with the spin $O(n)$ model and discuss its conjectured phase diagram, emphasizing the many open problems remaining.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00058

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zbMATH Keywords

decay of correlationsIsing modelphase transitionsLipschitz functionsSchramm-Loewner evolutionsymmetry breakingconformal loop ensemblereflection positivityself-avoiding walkdimer modelXY modelgraphical representationHeisenberg modelloop \(\mathrm{O}(n)\) modelBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitionhard hexagon modelspontaneous magnetizationdilute Potts modelGaussian dominationinfra-red boundmacroscopic loopschessboard estimatecritical percolation on the triangular latticeMermin-Wagnermicroscopic loopsproper 4-coloring of the triangular latticespin \(\mathrm{O}(n)\) model

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B41) Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26) Critical phenomena in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B27) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Percolation (82B43) Statistical mechanics of magnetic materials (82D40) Stochastic (Schramm-)Loewner evolution (SLE) (60J67)

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Cited In (24)

• The critical \(O(N)\) CFT: methods and conformal data
• Shifted critical threshold in the loop \(O(n)\) model at arbitrarily small \(n\)
• Strongly correlated random interacting processes. Abstracts from the workshop held January 28 -- February 3, 2018
• Exponential decay in the loop \(O(n)\) model on the hexagonal lattice for \(n > 1\) and \(x<\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\varepsilon (n)\)
• Uniform Lipschitz functions on the triangular lattice have logarithmic variations
• Exponential decay of transverse correlations for \(O(N)\) spin systems and related models
• Coexistence, enhancements and short loops in random walk loop soups
• Macroscopic loops in the loop \(O(n)\) model at Nienhuis' critical point
• Intersecting loop models on \({\mathbb Z}^ d\): rigorous results.
• Infinite DLR measures and volume-type phase transitions on countable Markov shifts
• Macroscopic loops in the \(3 d\) double-dimer model
• Site-monotonicity properties for reflection positive measures with applications to quantum spin systems
• A general method for lower bounds on fluctuations of random variables
• Finitary codings for the random-cluster model and other infinite-range monotone models
• Site monotonicity and uniform positivity for interacting random walks and the spin \(O(N)\) model with arbitrary \(N\)
• Variational principle for weakly dependent random fields
• Finitary codings for gradient models and a new graphical representation for the six‐vertex model
• Macroscopic loops in the Bose gas, spin \(O(N)\) and related models
• Loop correlations in random wire models
• Lattice gauge theory and a random-medium Ising model
• An elementary proof of phase transition in the planar XY model
• Two-dimensional O(n) model in a staggered field
• On the transition between the disordered and antiferroelectric phases of the 6-vertex model
• Coalescence of geodesics and the BKS midpoint problem in planar first-passage percolation

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