Coupled structures of long Josephson junctions

This paper considers three different coupled structures of long Josephson junctions (JJ's), where coherent fluxon motion is experimentally demonstrated. First, the stacks of two long JJ's are present. In this system, the coupling between junctions originates from the screening currents in the common electrode, when its thickness is about equal or smaller than the London penetration depth. The corresponding model equations for the physical system under consideration are stated. In the absence of perturbations, the Hamiltonian of the coupled system and the energy of the two bound states are found. By considering the fluxon-antifluxon state the corresponding singular branch in the I-V characteristics (the so-called first Zero Field Step) is calculated. This approach allows to find also all the current singularities, accounting for the different regimes known from single junctions, namely Zero Field Steps, Fiske Steps and Flux Flow Steps. Then, the principal features of the experimental results for stacks of two long JJ's are presented and compared with numerical predictions. Basing on the intuitive assumption, that coherence should be expected, if the interaction between fluxons is attractive, a structure of a parallel array of long JJ's is considered, where the observation of coherence is satisfied. By using the corresponding model the interaction energy is found attractive (repulsive) for two homopolar (antipolar) fluxons in long but finite JJ's. The results obtained on five-junctions parallel arrays could be interpreted as an experimental evidence of coherent oscillatory motion of homopolar fluxons. Finally, the triangular cells of long JJ's are considered. By neglecting the self-inductance of the loop and the mutual inductance between the junctions, the coupling between the junctions in the triangular cell originates from the quantization of the axial magnetic flux linked to the cell. The stable (lower energy) solutions, so-called kinks and also their anti-kinks are obtained from coupled equations. Again, a comparison of numerical and experimental results is presented. It should be mentioned that several references point on a non-existing Figure 3.2 in the last paragraph. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0934.00006].

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