DeepXDE: a deep learning library for solving differential equations
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deep learningdifferential equationseducational softwarephysics-informed neural networksscientific machine learning
Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) pertaining to numerical analysis (65-01) Software, source code, etc. for problems pertaining to numerical analysis (65-04) Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations (65L99) Numerical methods for partial differential equations, initial value and time-dependent initial-boundary value problems (65M99) Numerical methods for partial differential equations, boundary value problems (65N99) Artificial neural networks and deep learning (68T07)
Abstract: Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in diverse applications; however, its use in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has emerged only recently. Here, we present an overview of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), which embed a PDE into the loss of the neural network using automatic differentiation. The PINN algorithm is simple, and it can be applied to different types of PDEs, including integro-differential equations, fractional PDEs, and stochastic PDEs. Moreover, from the implementation point of view, PINNs solve inverse problems as easily as forward problems. We propose a new residual-based adaptive refinement (RAR) method to improve the training efficiency of PINNs. For pedagogical reasons, we compare the PINN algorithm to a standard finite element method. We also present a Python library for PINNs, DeepXDE, which is designed to serve both as an education tool to be used in the classroom as well as a research tool for solving problems in computational science and engineering. Specifically, DeepXDE can solve forward problems given initial and boundary conditions, as well as inverse problems given some extra measurements. DeepXDE supports complex-geometry domains based on the technique of constructive solid geometry, and enables the user code to be compact, resembling closely the mathematical formulation. We introduce the usage of DeepXDE and its customizability, and we also demonstrate the capability of PINNs and the user-friendliness of DeepXDE for five different examples. More broadly, DeepXDE contributes to the more rapid development of the emerging Scientific Machine Learning field.
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Cited in
(only showing first 100 items - show all)- An immersed boundary neural network for solving elliptic equations with singular forces on arbitrary domains
- Traveling wave solutions of partial differential equations via neural networks
- SciANN: a Keras/Tensorflow wrapper for scientific computations and physics-informed deep learning using artificial neural networks
- Numerical solution of the parametric diffusion equation by deep neural networks
- Exact imposition of boundary conditions with distance functions in physics-informed deep neural networks
- PhyCRNet: physics-informed convolutional-recurrent network for solving spatiotemporal PDEs
- Mosaic flows: a transferable deep learning framework for solving PDEs on unseen domains
- Physics-informed graph neural Galerkin networks: a unified framework for solving PDE-governed forward and inverse problems
- Deep learning of conjugate mappings
- Data-driven discoveries of Bäcklund transformations and soliton evolution equations via deep neural network learning schemes
- CENN: conservative energy method based on neural networks with subdomains for solving variational problems involving heterogeneous and complex geometries
- Monte Carlo fPINNs: deep learning method for forward and inverse problems involving high dimensional fractional partial differential equations
- Data-driven solutions and parameter discovery of the Sasa-Satsuma equation via the physics-informed neural networks method
- A priori and a posteriori error estimates for the deep Ritz method applied to the Laplace and Stokes problem
- Error analysis for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximating Kolmogorov PDEs
- Schwarz waveform relaxation-learning for advection-diffusion-reaction equations
- Optimal control of PDEs using physics-informed neural networks
- Self-adaptive physics-informed neural networks
- On stability and regularization for data-driven solution of parabolic inverse source problems
- Neural eikonal solver: improving accuracy of physics-informed neural networks for solving eikonal equation in case of caustics
- Robust modeling of unknown dynamical systems via ensemble averaged learning
- DeepM\&Mnet: inferring the electroconvection multiphysics fields based on operator approximation by neural networks
- SPINN: sparse, physics-based, and partially interpretable neural networks for PDEs
- Physics-informed neural networks for solving forward and inverse flow problems via the Boltzmann-BGK formulation
- DeepM\&Mnet for hypersonics: predicting the coupled flow and finite-rate chemistry behind a normal shock using neural-network approximation of operators
- A fast and accurate physics-informed neural network reduced order model with shallow masked autoencoder
- Learning time-dependent PDEs with a linear and nonlinear separate convolutional neural network
- When and why PINNs fail to train: a neural tangent kernel perspective
- Deep neural network modeling of unknown partial differential equations in nodal space
- A comprehensive and fair comparison of two neural operators (with practical extensions) based on FAIR data
- Gradient-enhanced physics-informed neural networks for forward and inverse PDE problems
- Meta-learning PINN loss functions
- IGA-reuse-NET: a deep-learning-based isogeometric analysis-reuse approach with topology-consistent parameterization
- Neural networks enforcing physical symmetries in nonlinear dynamical lattices: the case example of the Ablowitz-Ladik model
- CAN-PINN: a fast physics-informed neural network based on coupled-automatic-numerical differentiation method
- Physics-informed neural network simulation of multiphase poroelasticity using stress-split sequential training
- Residual-based adaptivity for two-phase flow simulation in porous media using physics-informed neural networks
- Lagrangian dual framework for conservative neural network solutions of kinetic equations
- ReLU deep neural networks from the hierarchical basis perspective
- Numerical approximation of partial differential equations by a variable projection method with artificial neural networks
- Physics-informed neural networks for learning the homogenized coefficients of multiscale elliptic equations
- Deep reinforcement learning of viscous incompressible flow
- Scientific machine learning through physics-informed neural networks: where we are and what's next
- RPINNs: rectified-physics informed neural networks for solving stationary partial differential equations
- Data-driven rogue waves and parameters discovery in nearly integrable \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetric Gross-Pitaevskii equations via PINNs deep learning
- Solving flows of dynamical systems by deep neural networks and a novel deep learning algorithm
- Fractional Chebyshev deep neural network (FCDNN) for solving differential models
- Predicting the dynamic process and model parameters of the vector optical solitons in birefringent fibers \textit{via} the modified PINN
- Deep neural network approach to forward-inverse problems
- Hidden physics model for parameter estimation of elastic wave equations
- Prediction and identification of physical systems by means of physically-guided neural networks with meaningful internal layers
- Physics-informed neural network for modelling the thermochemical curing process of composite-tool systems during manufacture
- Deep neural networks for large deformation of photo-thermo-pH responsive cationic gels
- TONR: an exploration for a novel way combining neural network with topology optimization
- Extreme learning machine collocation for the numerical solution of elliptic PDEs with sharp gradients
- Data-driven vector soliton solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation using a deep learning algorithm
- Conditional physics informed neural networks
- Variational Monte Carlo -- bridging concepts of machine learning and high-dimensional partial differential equations
- An energy approach to the solution of partial differential equations in computational mechanics via machine learning: concepts, implementation and applications
- Physics-informed neural networks: a deep learning framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations
- Discovering phase field models from image data with the pseudo-spectral physics informed neural networks
- A finite element based deep learning solver for parametric PDEs
- A-PINN: auxiliary physics informed neural networks for forward and inverse problems of nonlinear integro-differential equations
- Adaptive deep neural networks methods for high-dimensional partial differential equations
- Towards fast weak adversarial training to solve high dimensional parabolic partial differential equations using XNODE-WAN
- Structure preservation for the deep neural network multigrid solver
- Improved deep neural networks with domain decomposition in solving partial differential equations
- The deep learning Galerkin method for the general Stokes equations
- Data-driven method to learn the most probable transition pathway and stochastic differential equation
- A-WPINN algorithm for the data-driven vector-soliton solutions and parameter discovery of general coupled nonlinear equations
- A comprehensive study of non-adaptive and residual-based adaptive sampling for physics-informed neural networks
- Data-driven soliton mappings for integrable fractional nonlinear wave equations via deep learning with Fourier neural operator
- DAS-PINNs: a deep adaptive sampling method for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations
- Uncertainty quantification in scientific machine learning: methods, metrics, and comparisons
- Physics-informed neural networks combined with polynomial interpolation to solve nonlinear partial differential equations
- CPINNs: a coupled physics-informed neural networks for the closed-loop geothermal system
- Surrogate modeling for Bayesian inverse problems based on physics-informed neural networks
- Active learning based sampling for high-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations
- Long-time integration of parametric evolution equations with physics-informed DeepONets
- Physics-informed neural networks for data-driven simulation: advantages, limitations, and opportunities
- ADLGM: an efficient adaptive sampling deep learning Galerkin method
- Isogeometric neural networks: a new deep learning approach for solving parameterized partial differential equations
- A deep Fourier residual method for solving PDEs using neural networks
- Transfer learning based physics-informed neural networks for solving inverse problems in engineering structures under different loading scenarios
- Data-driven control of agent-based models: an equation/variable-free machine learning approach
- Solving free-surface problems for non-shallow water using boundary and initial conditions-free physics-informed neural network (bif-PINN)
- Data-driven forward and inverse problems for chaotic and hyperchaotic dynamic systems based on two machine learning architectures
- Neural network stochastic differential equation models with applications to financial data forecasting
- Physics-informed neural networks based on adaptive weighted loss functions for Hamilton-Jacobi equations
- Control of partial differential equations via physics-informed neural networks
- An overview on deep learning-based approximation methods for partial differential equations
- Forecasting of nonlinear dynamics based on symbolic invariance
- Diffusion on fractal objects modeling and its physics-informed neural network solution
- Identification and prediction of time-varying parameters of COVID-19 model: a data-driven deep learning approach
- PFNN-2: a domain decomposed penalty-free neural network method for solving partial differential equations
- A new artificial neural network method for solving Schrödinger equations on unbounded domains
- MIONet: Learning Multiple-Input Operators via Tensor Product
- A deep neural network-based numerical method for solving contact problems
- Deep unfitted Nitsche method for elliptic interface problems
- A Rate of Convergence of Physics Informed Neural Networks for the Linear Second Order Elliptic PDEs
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