Differential codimensions and exponential growth

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2023.06.027MaRDI QIDQ6168558zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Carla Rizzo

Publication date 9 August 2023

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.05850

zbMATH Keywords

codimension growthdifferential identityPI-exponentpolynomial identityvariety of algebras

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Growth rate, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (16P90) (T)-ideals, identities, varieties of associative rings and algebras (16R10) Other kinds of identities (generalized polynomial, rational, involution) (16R50) Derivations, actions of Lie algebras (16W25)

Abstract: Let $A$ be a finite dimensional associative algebra with derivations over a field of characteristic zero, i.e., an algebra whose structure is enriched by the action of a Lie algebra $L$ by derivations, and let $c_n^L(A),$ $ngeq1,$ be its differential codimension sequence. Such sequence is exponentially bounded and $ex{p}^L(A)=li{m}_{noinfty}sqrt[n]c_n^L(A)$ is an integer that can be computed, called differential PI-exponent of $A$. In this paper we prove that for any Lie algebra $L$, $ex{p}^L(A)$ coincides with $exp(A)$, the ordinary PI-exponent of $A$. Furthermore, in case $L$ is a solvable Lie algebra, we apply such result to classify varieties of $L$-algebras of almost polynomial growth, i.e., varieties of exponential growth such that any proper subvariety has polynomial growth.

Review text

Let \(A\) be a PI-algebra. If \(A\) has an additional structure, e.g. it is with an involution, group graded or a Lie algebra acts on \(A\) by derivations, then instead of ordinary polynomial identities one studies the polynomial identities which take into account the additional structure. In the paper under review the author studies the case when a Lie algebra \(L\) acts on the algebra \(A\) by derivations, i.e., when \(A\) is an \(L\)-algebra. One of the natural ways to measure the complexity of the polynomial identities of \(A\) is in terms of the asymptotic behaviour of the codimension sequence \(c_n(A)\), \(n=1,2,\ldots\) In the case of differential identities over a field of characteristic 0 it was shown in [\textit{A. S. Gordienko}, J. Algebra 393, 92--101 (2013; Zbl 1307.16019)] that the differential exponent \(\displaystyle \exp^L(A)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sqrt[n]{c_n^L(A)}\) of a finite dimensional algebra \(A\) exists and is a non-negative integer and it was given an explicit way to compute it. This is an analogue of the celebrated result for ordinary polynomial identities established in [\textit{A. Giambruno} and \textit{M. Zaicev}, Adv. Math. 142, No. 2, 221--243 (1999; Zbl 0920.16013)]. It was conjectured in [\textit{A. S. Gordienko} and \textit{M. V. Kochetov}, Algebr. Represent. Theory 17, No. 2, 539--563 (2014; Zbl 1306.16015)] that if \(\dim(A)<\infty\), then the differential exponent \(\exp^L(A)\) coincides with the ordinary exponent \(\exp(A)\) and this was confirmed for \(L\) being a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra. \par The main result of the paper under review is to confirm the conjecture of Gordienko and Kochetov for any Lie algebra \(L\): If \(\dim(A)<\infty\) and the field is of characteristic 0, then \(\exp^L(A)=\exp(A)\). In the case when \(L\) is a finite dimensional solvable Lie algebra (and \(\dim(A)<\infty\)), the author classifies the varieties of \(L\)-algebras of almost polynomial growth, i.e., varieties of exponential growth such that any proper subvariety has polynomial growth. It turns out that there are only two such varieties and they are generated by the algebra of \(2\times 2\) upper triangular matrices: the algebra \(UT_2\) with the trivial action of \(L\) and the algebra \(UT_2^{\varepsilon}\), where \(\varepsilon\) is the inner derivation \(\text{ad}(e_{22})\).

Recommendations

• Differential identities and varieties of almost polynomial growth
• Lie semisimple algebras of derivations and varieties of PI-algebras with almost polynomial growth
• Differential identities and polynomial growth of the codimensions
• Proper identities, Lie identities and exponential codimension growth.
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7407344

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Cited in

(10)

• Differential identities and polynomial growth of the codimensions
• Differential identities and varieties of almost polynomial growth
• Lie semisimple algebras of derivations and varieties of PI-algebras with almost polynomial growth
• The Grassmann algebras: derivations and identities
• Varieties of associative algebras with additional structure of almost polynomial growth
• Differential identities of the Grassmann algebra
• \(\mathrm{H}\)-cocharacters and a class of \(\mathrm{H}\)-algebras with almost polynomial growth
• A short note on derivations of the Grassmann algebra
• Perspectives of differential expansion
• Growth of differential identities

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