Discrete dynamical systems in group theory

Authors Dikran Dikranjan, Anna Giordano Bruno

Publication date 28 October 2013

Published in Note di Matematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1308.4035, http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/notemat/article/view/12841

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic entropy bridge theorem entropy growth Milnor problem normed semigroup semigroup entropy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Category-theoretic methods and results in associative algebras (except as in 16D90) (16B50) Geometric group theory (20F65) Automorphisms, homomorphisms, endomorphisms, etc. for abelian groups (20K30) Mappings of semigroups (20M15) Duality theorems for locally compact groups (22D35) Entropy and other invariants, isomorphism, classification in ergodic theory (37A35) Topological entropy (37B40) Entropy in general topology (54C70) Duality in applied homological algebra and category theory (aspects of algebraic topology) (55U30)

Abstract: In this expository paper we describe an unifying approach for many known entropies in Mathematics. First we recall the notion of semigroup entropy h_S in the category S of normed semigroups and contractive homomorphisms, recalling also its properties. For a specific category X and a functor F from X to S, we have the entropy h_F, defined by the composition of h_S with F, which automatically satisfies the same properties proved for h_S. This general scheme permits to obtain many of the known entropies as h_F, for appropriately chosen categories X and functors F. In the last part we recall the definition and the fundamental properties of the algebraic entropy for group endomorphisms, noting how its deeper properties depend on the specific setting. Finally we discuss the notion of growth for flows of groups, comparing it with the classical notion of growth for finitely generated groups.

Review text

In this very interesting expository article, a unifying categorial approach for several dynamical entropy functions, defined in different categories of discrete dynamical systems, is introduced. The main idea is to define a universal entropy function \(h_{\mathfrak{S}}:\mathrm{Flow}_{\mathfrak{S}}\rightarrow[0,\infty]\) on the category \(\mathrm{Flow}_{\mathfrak{S}}\) of contractive endomorphisms of normed semigroups. For a normed semigroup \((S,\cdot,v)\) and a contractive endomorphism \(\phi:S\rightarrow S\) one defines NEWLINE\[NEWLINE T_n(\phi,x) = x \cdot \phi(x) \cdot \ldots \cdot \phi^{n-1}(x) \text{\quad and \quad } c_n(\phi,x) := v(T_n(\phi,x)) NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for \(x\in S\) and \(n\in\mathbb{N}\). Then the semigroup entropy of \(\phi\) is NEWLINE\[NEWLINE h_{\mathfrak{S}}(\phi) := \sup_{x\in S}\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{n}c_n(\phi,x). NEWLINE\]NEWLINE This entropy function satisfies the elementary properties that one usually associates with a dynamical entropy, as for instance invariance under conjugation, invariance under inversion, a power rule, and monotonicity with respect to restrictions. The general idea how to obtain the known entropy functions (topological entropy or metric entropy, for instance) is to set NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \qquad h_F:\mathrm{Flow}_{\mathfrak{X}}\rightarrow[0,\infty],\quad h_F(\phi) := h_{\mathfrak{S}}(F(\phi)),NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\mathfrak{X}\) is the corresponding category (compact topological spaces with continuous maps or probability spaces with measure-preserving maps, for instance) and \(F:\mathfrak{X}\rightarrow\mathfrak{S}\) is an appropriate functor into the category of normed semigroups. Depending on the specific properties of the functor \(F\), \(h_F\) inherits different properties of \(h_{\mathfrak{S}}\). In the case of topological entropy, for instance, the functor assigns to a compact topological space \(X\) the normed semigroup of open covers of \(X\) with the join operation and the norm given by the logarithm of the minimal subcover cardinality, and to a continuous map its induced map on open covers. Also different notions of algebraic entropy for group endomorphisms can be obtained via this general scheme. In particular, this allows the authors to give a new proof of the Weiss Bridge theorem [\textit{M. D. Weiss}, Math. Syst. Theory 8(1974), 243--248 (1975; Zbl 0298.28014)], and other Bridge theorems, relating entropy functions in different categories. Finally, a notion of growth for dynamical systems in the category of groups is introduced, which is an extension of the classical notion of growth for groups.

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