Dynamical contact problems with friction. Models, methods, experiments and applications

Publication date 24 November 2003

The purpose is to investigate from a mechanical point of view dynamical contact problems where friction occurs between linear elastic bodies. The author focuses on a modal approach in order to solve the corresponding evolution equations, and on numerical computations of the contact problems he considers. He also describes experimental setups and compares numerical computations and observed measurements. The book starts with a description of various situations where friction is present either in unconvenient or useful ways. Friction indeed is sometimes used in order to dissipate energy, but friction may also reduce the lifetime of the system. Various friction laws starting with the basic Coulomb and Hertz models are recalled. The author observes that, usually, it is difficult to determine the contact zone between elastic bodies. The first chapter recalls the equations of motion for a linear elastic body. These can be written as a second-order linear differential system: \({\mathbf M} \overset{..}{{\mathbf w}}+{\mathbf D}\overset{.}{{\mathbf w}}+{\mathbf K}{\mathbf w}={\mathbf f}_{ex}\), where \({\mathbf M}\), \({\mathbf D}\) and \({\mathbf K}\) are mass, damping and stiffness matrices, \({\mathbf w}\) is the displacement field, and \({\mathbf f}_{ex}\) denotes external forces applied to the elastic material. The damping matrix is approximated as a linear combination of mass and stiffness matrices. Because of this linear framework, it is possible to solve this problem considering the corresponding eigenvalues. As a first contact case, the author considers a point contact. He describes the corresponding equations. Then he moves to a contact surface with roughness. Random distributions of contact points are considered. Various extensions of this point contact model are then considered. The author also studies the influence of different parameters such as contact stiffness, temperature distribution, etc. on the contact. He also considers situations where the contact is partially removed that leads to a stick-slip phenomenon. The three last chapters are devoted to more realistic situations where friction occurs: dynamics of oscillators with friction, damping of elastic structures or rolling contact. In each case, the author first describes the equations governing the contact, and then presents a numerical procedure for solution of the problem and discusses experimental setups. He finally compares the two kinds of results.

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